Análise integrada do meio físico como subsídio ao diagnóstico de processos erosivos na bacia do ribeirão Extrema em Anápolis (GO)

• Autor(a) principal: TEIXEIRA, Leide Laura Francisca da Mota
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1905
• topic: análise integrada; meio físico; uso da terra; erosão; Ambiente e apropiação do Cerrado; integrated analysis; middle physical; use of the land; erosion; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA::GEOGRAFIA REGIONAL

Currently, in changeable scale, the Brazilian cities present common problems, derivatives of the intense modifications suffered in previous and aggravated decades throughout the years, for the lack of planning and control of the use of the land. In the city of Anápolis-GO, the use of lands, did not take in consideration the fragilities of the environment where if it inserted, conditioning the city problems of environmental order, that if they reflect in the occurrence of linear erosive processes, silting and floodings. The basin of Extrema large creek is one of the areas of Anápolis with this type of environmental problem. Ahead of this, the present work investigated the relation between the constraints of the environment, including its use and the occurrence of linear erosive processes in this hydrographic basin. It is based on the integrated analysis of the components of the nature and the society, made possible with the aid of the geoprocessing technologies. The Integrated Analysis, now presented, was developed from crossing the elements of the middle physical (the bedrock, relief, soils), including the use of the land, with the frequent occurrence of linear erosion in the area of study. This analysis search discerns the relationship between the occurrence of this erosive processes and characteristics of natural elements and man-made that composed the basin in question. Like this the compartments of relief, related to the characteristics of the bedrock, soils and use of land led to considerations regarding the ability to use the land, measuring classes of susceptibility to erosion, and make analogies about the legal aspects of land use. Therefore were identified five compartments of relief: Surface of Summit, Interfluves, Hills, Low Slopes and Plains River. The compartment of surface summit is characterized by areas with the high height and lower slopes, which usually constitute the crossover waters of the basin supported by Detritus-Lateritic and which dominate Plinthosol Concretionary Petric, and the Cerrado is the original vegetation corresponding. These lands are intended mainly to urban use, but also include the mining activities in the form of Graveled, beyond to farming activities. According to the ability to use land that compartment has been better grazing for lands. In its natural conditions, would be characterized not as susceptible to erosion, although there have been mapped erosive processes; these are related to inappropriate use of land and noncompliance of existed legislation. The compartment of interfluves presents, high and medium height and slope less than 9%, constituting in the general interfluves large and medium. Sculpted on rocks of the Araxá of South Goiás Group and a lesser proportion of rocks Complex Granolithic Anápolis-Itauçu, which led origin to the soil thick as latossoil Red and Yellow Red, covered by Cerrado. According to the ability to use these lands are suitable for any type of agricultural use, and is best used in agriculture. In this compartment is the predominant agricultural use of land. The low slope and soil thick that compartment to give low susceptibility to erosion, although this susceptibility is stronger when it is subjected to the action of water flows concentrated, affecting the formation processes of erosion. The compartment of hills has high slope and convex morphology carved on Quartzite Araxá of South Goiás Group, and the silexite Complex Granolithic Anápolis-Itauçu, where the resistance to the rocks for weathering conditioned the formation of Litholic Neosols. The land these compartments are not susceptible to erosion, are unfit for agricultural use and urban and should be used for permanent preservation. Into the compartment from the low aspect, predominantly low height and high slopes, providing various forms of aspects including drainage headboards, carved in general and on gneisses Quartzite of Complex Granolithic Anápolis-Itauçu and in some cases limited, and on micaschist Quartzite Araxá of South Goiás Group. These rocks conditioned the formation of latossoil Red Yellow, Red, Cambisol and Litholic Neosols, covered in general by seasonal forest. They are better suited for pasture land and reforestation. The high slope, the forms concave and convexconcave and thickness of the soil in that compartment give them high susceptibility to erosion. The natural conditionements on the inappropriate use of land, which lacks infrastructure to capture and dissipation of surface water increase so much of the potential erosion of such land. The compartment of the river plains, including the lower height and slopes, overlapping mostly by alluvial deposits, where the low depth of the water table conditioned the formation of Gleysoils. The Original vegetation corresponds to seasonal forest. These lands are not susceptible to erosion processes, but are affected by sediments from the erosive processes of linear amount. They are also land unsuitable, for agriculture and urban use should be destined for permanent preservation.