Sustentabilidade estrutural de latossolos cultivados com cana-de-açúcar do estado de Goiás

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Gustavo Cassiano da
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/11915
• topic: Indicadores de qualidade física; Transmissão de água no solo; Sistema de produção conservacionista; Physical quality indicators; Soil water transmission; Conservation production system; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

With the expansion of sugarcane cultivation in Brazil, the mechanized production system has promoted benefits such as reduced harvest time. However, if the soil has inadequate moisture levels, depending on the texture of the soil, the traffic of implements can result in soil compaction and, consequently, its degradation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical-hydraulic attributes in commercial areas under sugarcane cultivation at the São Martinho plant (Boa Vista), located in the municipality of Quirinópolis de Goiás, and at the Jalles Machado plant in Goianésia, both under the conventional cultivation, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Four areas were selected for both study plants: first cycle of cultivation, three cycles, seven cycles and a reference area native vegetation, at the São Martinho plant first cycle cultivation, two cycles, four cycles and native vegetation at Jalles Machado. For the selection, the areas were pre-evaluated before the study, in order to obtain as homogeneous areas as possible, with areas of medium texture and variety RB 867515 in all areas of the São Martinho plant. At the Jalles Machado plant, areas of clay texture and variety CTC4 were selected. Regarding the study of physical water attributes, indicators of physical-water quality were evaluated, such as soil density, total porosity, saturation humidity, blocked pores, void index, macroporosity, microporosity, effective saturation, readily available water, soil water retention, aggregate stability, the mechanical resistance to penetration and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of field, in the 0-0,10 layers; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.30 and 0.40-0.50 m of a typical dystrophic RED LATOSOL. The data were submitted to descriptive and inferential analysis, at a significance level of 5%. The cultivation of sugarcane changed the physical-hydric quality of the soil in relation to the native vegetation. Therefore, regardless of the textural class and variety of sugarcane, the impacts of implantation of the crop are observed in the first, second and third cultivation cycles, but as of fourth cycles there are already signs of recovery of the soil's physical-water quality. Until seventh cycles this resilience of the productive environment is observed.