Efeito da ação educativa sobre o conhecimento da doença e o controle metabólico de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

• Main Author: PEREIRA, Dalma Alves
• Publication Date: 2011
• Format: Master thesis
• Language: por
• Source: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Download full: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1472
• topic: Diabetes Mellitus; Educação em Saúde; Autocuidado; Enfermagem; Diabetes Mellitus; Health Education; Self Care; Nursing; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important non-communicable chronic disease with high prevalence and high costs to society. The long-term consequences of DM arise from microvascular and macrovascular changes that lead to damage to and failure of various organs. Type 2 DM accounts for 90-95% of cases of all types of the disease. Health education is one of the strategies recommended to help decrease the high complication rate in people with DM. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of educational intervention on knowledge about diabetes and control parameters for disease control in hypertensive type 2 diabetics. METHODS: We conducted a controlled clinical trial at the Arterial Hypertension League outpatient clinic of the Federal University of Goiás (AHL / UFG). This study evaluated non-insulin-dependent DM2 patients of both sexes. The sample consisted of 76 diabetic hypertensive patients, divided into intervention (IG = 38) and control (CG = 38) groups. The IG patients underwent an educational intervention with a problem-based approach in the period from April to October 2010; the CG did not receive this intervention. All continued treatment at the LHA, with routine visits scheduled every three months. Data were collected through individual nursing consultations held with the IG and CG and educational activities carried out with the IG. The study was divided into three periods: T1 (baseline), T2 (after three months of study), and T3 (end of study). At T1 and T3, the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire was administered to both groups and the control parameters of weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were continuously evaluated. For statistical analysis, the Student t-test, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon and chi-square were used. The relationships between the variables studied were examined by Pearson correlation. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. P values <0.05 were considered significant. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the UFG Clinica Hospital. RESULTS: The study included 62 type 2 diabetic patients divided into the intervention group (IG = 28) and control group (CG = 34). IG and CG were initially similar regarding gender, age, education, knowledge about the disease and control parameters. At T3 the IG demonstrated a significant increase in knowledge of all matters tested when compared to the CG. There was a greater reduction in MAP, WC and HbA1c in the IG (p <0.05). In intragroup analysis, only the IG showed a significant reduction in all the control parameters when the different study time points were compared. (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: The problem-based educational intervention contributed to improved knowledge of diabetes and this was reflected in an effective metabolic control of the disease. It should be noted that the longer the intervention, the better the outcomes.