Estimativa da geração de resíduos sólidos domicilares

• Autor(a) principal: Onofre, Fabiana Lima
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/5448
• topic: Resíduos sólidos domiciliares; Taxa de geração; Taxa de coleta de resíduos; Household solid waste; Generation rate; Waste collection tax; ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL

A long time ago garbage was not seen as a problem, since it was generated in few quantities and most of it was composed of biodegradable materials, which were easily transformed by nature. However, population has been growing, moving from rural to urban area, its habits have been changing, including the consumption of industrialised products, and so that the amount and nature of garbage have been changing. This increase in the amount of garbage have been causing a large problem to the cities, since most of them does not succeed in giving proper final destination to the wastes, mainly because of the costs involved in the service. For the waste collection service, the municipality generally tax the population by means of the TCR Taxa de Coleta de Residuos (Waste Collection Tax). This TCR is very questioned, mainly because its base of calculation, that is not the amount of wastes generated, but generally the constructed area of the house. Many people consider unfair the tax, since it may happen that a house may be charged with a high tax value because of its large constructed area, but may not necessarily generate a large amount of waste. This study aims to elaborate a mathematical model to estimate de amount of solid wastes generated in a house and so, to propose an alternative methodology for the TCR calculation. Another aim of the study is to investigate the variations on the amount of wastes generated along the days of week, so that the collection fleet can be optimized. The methodological procedures consisted in diary weighting of the solids wastes, along with the readings of water and electricity consumption in three houses in the city of João Pessoa, northeast Brazil. Results have shown that the per capita domestic solid waste generation rate was 800 g/day, which is close to the value suggested in the literature. In comparison to other similar study but performed in flats rather than in houses, the generation rates herein reported were 60% higher in relation to that reported for flats, which may be associated with the fact that gardens and backyards, that occurs only in houses (not in flats), respond for part of such generation. With regards to the variations in the waste generation along the days of week, it was found that there were not significant differences between most the cases. The only exceptions were between Monday and the other days (exceptionally Saturday), between Saturday and Tuesday, and between Sunday and the other days, exceptionally to the Tuesday. By the other side, in João Pessoa very little of collection is done on Sunday, so that the mentioned difference is not important. For the case in which the wastes generated on Sunday are collected in conjunction with those generated on Monday, the amount totalizes 1,9 times those generated along the other days (in average) and so that the collection fleet must be increased by this factor (1,9). Results have also shown that it is possible to estimate the amount of solid wastes generated in a house from its population and water consumption. Based on this model, an alternative methodology for the TCR was proposed, which consider not the constructed area but the amount of wastes estimated.