Desenvolvimento de blendas de PLA e polímeros do glicerol e nanocompósitos com nanowhiskers de celulose
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/13409 |
Resumo: | Biodegradable polymers have been widely studied due to the social quest to reduce the dependence of fossil products. Poly(lactic acid) - PLA is highlighted because it is biodegradable and has a high modulus of elasticity and stiffness, however low thermal stability, flexibility and impact resistance that limit its use. In this work, blends with PLA and glycerol polymers, and nanocomposites with cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) were prepared to evaluate the blending effect and nanocomposite formation on the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA. Glycerol polymers based on maleic anhydride and adipic acid were synthesized to generate poly(glycerol maleate) - PGM, poly (glycerol adipate) - PGA and the copolymer poly (glycerol maleate - co - adipate). These polymers were added to PLA at concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10 wt.%. In addition, cellulose nanowhiskers were extracted by acid hydrolysis and added at 3 wt.% to blends containing 5% glycerol polymer. Samples were mixed in an internal mixer , then milled and injected. The blends and nanocomposites were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal analysis indicated that there was a decrease in the degradation temperature of the samples, even for the nanocomposites, and there was formation of a second phase with greater crystalline organization and higher porosity. Porosity and processing conditions affected the mechanical properties, and it was only possible to observe that the presence of NWC in PLA allowed a slight deformation. In general, the different injection temperatures as well as the formation of blends with glycerol polymers are a way of compatibilizing PLA and CNW. Despite our results not being satisfactory in terms of mechanical properties, they encourage the pursuit for the development of new biidegradable materials. |
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Desenvolvimento de blendas de PLA e polímeros do glicerol e nanocompósitos com nanowhiskers de celulosePoli(ácido lático)Polímeros de glicerolNanowhiskers de celuloseNanocompósitosPoly(lactic acid)Biodegradable polymerNanocompositesGlycerol-based polymersCNPQ::ENGENHARIASBiodegradable polymers have been widely studied due to the social quest to reduce the dependence of fossil products. Poly(lactic acid) - PLA is highlighted because it is biodegradable and has a high modulus of elasticity and stiffness, however low thermal stability, flexibility and impact resistance that limit its use. In this work, blends with PLA and glycerol polymers, and nanocomposites with cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) were prepared to evaluate the blending effect and nanocomposite formation on the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA. Glycerol polymers based on maleic anhydride and adipic acid were synthesized to generate poly(glycerol maleate) - PGM, poly (glycerol adipate) - PGA and the copolymer poly (glycerol maleate - co - adipate). These polymers were added to PLA at concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10 wt.%. In addition, cellulose nanowhiskers were extracted by acid hydrolysis and added at 3 wt.% to blends containing 5% glycerol polymer. Samples were mixed in an internal mixer , then milled and injected. The blends and nanocomposites were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal analysis indicated that there was a decrease in the degradation temperature of the samples, even for the nanocomposites, and there was formation of a second phase with greater crystalline organization and higher porosity. Porosity and processing conditions affected the mechanical properties, and it was only possible to observe that the presence of NWC in PLA allowed a slight deformation. In general, the different injection temperatures as well as the formation of blends with glycerol polymers are a way of compatibilizing PLA and CNW. Despite our results not being satisfactory in terms of mechanical properties, they encourage the pursuit for the development of new biidegradable materials.NenhumaPolímeros biodegradáveis têm sido amplamente estudados devido à busca por diminuir a dependência de produtos derivados fósseis. Assim, o poli(ácido lático) - PLA, ganha destaque por ser biodegradável e possuir elevado módulo de elasticidade e rigidez, todavia a baixa estabilidade térmica, flexibilidade e resistência ao impacto limitam seu uso em algumas aplicações. Neste trabalho foram preparadas blendas com PLA e polímeros de glicerol, bem como nanocompósitos com nanowhiskers de celulose (NWC) com a finalidade de avaliar o efeito da formação de blendas e nanocompósitos nas propriedades térmicas e mecânicas do PLA. Foram sintetizados polímeros de glicerol à base de anidrido maleico e ácido adípico, gerando poli(glicerol maleato) - PGM, poli(glicerol adipato) - PGA e o copolímero poli(glicerol maleato-co-adipato), e foram adicionados aos PLA nas concentrações de 2,5%, 5% e 10% em massa. Além disso, nanowhikers de celulose foram obtidos por hidrólise ácida e incorporados a 3% em massa às blendas contendo 5% de polímero de glicerol. As amostras foram processadas num misturador interno, posteriormente moídas e injetadas. As blendas e os nanocompósitos foram caracterizados por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), análise termogravimétrica (TGA), espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), ensaios de tração e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As análises térmicas indicaram que houve diminuição na temperatura de degradação das amostras, mesmo para os nanocompósitos, e houve formação de uma segunda fase com maior organização dos cristais, fragilizando as amostras. As análises de superfície de fratura mostraram materiais com elevada porosidade, assim, a presença de poros e as diferentes temperaturas de injeção afetaram as propriedades mecânicas, e só foi possível observar que a presença de NWC no PLA permitiu ligeira deformação. De maneira geral, a não padronização de temperaturas na injeção, bem como a formação de blendas com polímeros de glicerol como forma de compatibilizar a matriz de PLA e NWC, não gerou resultados satisfatórios quanto às propriedades mecânicas, todavia, incentiva a continuidade de pesquisa acerca da degradação dos materiais envolvidos.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilEngenharia de MateriaisPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de MateriaisUFPBMedeiros, Eliton Souto dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7096228449228489Santos, Amélia Severino Ferreira eSilva, Amanda Vieira da2019-02-12T18:38:15Z2019-02-122019-02-12T18:38:15Z2018-05-29info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesishttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/13409porAttribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2019-02-13T06:03:52Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/13409Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2019-02-13T06:03:52Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Desenvolvimento de blendas de PLA e polímeros do glicerol e nanocompósitos com nanowhiskers de celulose |
title |
Desenvolvimento de blendas de PLA e polímeros do glicerol e nanocompósitos com nanowhiskers de celulose |
spellingShingle |
Desenvolvimento de blendas de PLA e polímeros do glicerol e nanocompósitos com nanowhiskers de celulose Silva, Amanda Vieira da Poli(ácido lático) Polímeros de glicerol Nanowhiskers de celulose Nanocompósitos Poly(lactic acid) Biodegradable polymer Nanocomposites Glycerol-based polymers CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS |
title_short |
Desenvolvimento de blendas de PLA e polímeros do glicerol e nanocompósitos com nanowhiskers de celulose |
title_full |
Desenvolvimento de blendas de PLA e polímeros do glicerol e nanocompósitos com nanowhiskers de celulose |
title_fullStr |
Desenvolvimento de blendas de PLA e polímeros do glicerol e nanocompósitos com nanowhiskers de celulose |
title_full_unstemmed |
Desenvolvimento de blendas de PLA e polímeros do glicerol e nanocompósitos com nanowhiskers de celulose |
title_sort |
Desenvolvimento de blendas de PLA e polímeros do glicerol e nanocompósitos com nanowhiskers de celulose |
author |
Silva, Amanda Vieira da |
author_facet |
Silva, Amanda Vieira da |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Medeiros, Eliton Souto de http://lattes.cnpq.br/7096228449228489 Santos, Amélia Severino Ferreira e |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Silva, Amanda Vieira da |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Poli(ácido lático) Polímeros de glicerol Nanowhiskers de celulose Nanocompósitos Poly(lactic acid) Biodegradable polymer Nanocomposites Glycerol-based polymers CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS |
topic |
Poli(ácido lático) Polímeros de glicerol Nanowhiskers de celulose Nanocompósitos Poly(lactic acid) Biodegradable polymer Nanocomposites Glycerol-based polymers CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS |
description |
Biodegradable polymers have been widely studied due to the social quest to reduce the dependence of fossil products. Poly(lactic acid) - PLA is highlighted because it is biodegradable and has a high modulus of elasticity and stiffness, however low thermal stability, flexibility and impact resistance that limit its use. In this work, blends with PLA and glycerol polymers, and nanocomposites with cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) were prepared to evaluate the blending effect and nanocomposite formation on the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA. Glycerol polymers based on maleic anhydride and adipic acid were synthesized to generate poly(glycerol maleate) - PGM, poly (glycerol adipate) - PGA and the copolymer poly (glycerol maleate - co - adipate). These polymers were added to PLA at concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10 wt.%. In addition, cellulose nanowhiskers were extracted by acid hydrolysis and added at 3 wt.% to blends containing 5% glycerol polymer. Samples were mixed in an internal mixer , then milled and injected. The blends and nanocomposites were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal analysis indicated that there was a decrease in the degradation temperature of the samples, even for the nanocomposites, and there was formation of a second phase with greater crystalline organization and higher porosity. Porosity and processing conditions affected the mechanical properties, and it was only possible to observe that the presence of NWC in PLA allowed a slight deformation. In general, the different injection temperatures as well as the formation of blends with glycerol polymers are a way of compatibilizing PLA and CNW. Despite our results not being satisfactory in terms of mechanical properties, they encourage the pursuit for the development of new biidegradable materials. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-05-29 2019-02-12T18:38:15Z 2019-02-12 2019-02-12T18:38:15Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/13409 |
url |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/13409 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Engenharia de Materiais Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais UFPB |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Engenharia de Materiais Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais UFPB |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB instname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) instacron:UFPB |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
instacron_str |
UFPB |
institution |
UFPB |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
diretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.br |
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1801842944037093376 |