Treatment of severe lupus nephritis: effect of prolonged and intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide
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Publication Date: | 2022 |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | por |
Source: | Clinical and Biomedical Research |
Download full: | https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/article/view/125381 |
Summary: | OBJECTIVE: Intravenous cyclophosphamide is widely used in the treatment of lupus nephritis. In order to analyze long-term outcome in patients with severe lupus nephritis, we studied 54 patients treated with cyclophosphamide at our services between 1989 and 1999. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included 42 patients. According to World Health Organization classification, the initial renal biopsy indicated lupus nephritis class III in 16.7% patients and class IV in 83.3%. The average serum creatinine and proteinuria at the beginning of treatment were, respectively 3.1 ± 2.5 mg/dl and 7.2 ± 5.4 g/24h/1.73m2. Eighty-eight percent of patients had nephrotic range proteinuria and 83.3% had serum creatinine levels higher than 1.2mg/dl. The mean duration of nephritis before treatment was 10 months; however, in 52% of patients it was less than 6 months. Average follow-up time from the beginning of treatment to outcome (end-stage renal disease or death) was 72.2 ± 36.3 months. Patients received immunosuppressive therapy according to the National Institutes of Health protocol and were classified, according to clinical and laboratory response into complete remission, partial remission, or treatment failure. RESULTS: Total or partial remission was achieved in 70% of patients by the end of the first year; 62.5 % of patients were kept in remission up to the third year. The 3, 5, and 10-year actuarial renal survival rates were of 90.2%, 90.2%, and 77.67%, respectively. One patient died and 5 had to start hemodialysis. The adverse effects of immunosuppression were respiratory infection (19.0%), Herpes Zoster (7.1%), temporary (9.5%) and permanent (2.3%) amenorrhea, avascular necrosis of the femoral head (4.7%), and sepsis (2.3%). Neither hemorrhagic cystitis nor neoplasia were observed during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that intravenous cyclophosphamide was effective in the control of acute lupus nephritis and in the maintenance of long-term renal function without serious adverse events. |
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Treatment of severe lupus nephritis: effect of prolonged and intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamideTratamento da nefropatia lúpica severa: efeito da ciclofosfamida endovenosa prolongada e intermitenteNefropatia lúpicalúpus eritematoso sistêmicociclofosfamidaimunossupressoresLupus nephritissystemic lupus erythematosuscyclophosphamideimmunosuppressionOBJECTIVE: Intravenous cyclophosphamide is widely used in the treatment of lupus nephritis. In order to analyze long-term outcome in patients with severe lupus nephritis, we studied 54 patients treated with cyclophosphamide at our services between 1989 and 1999. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included 42 patients. According to World Health Organization classification, the initial renal biopsy indicated lupus nephritis class III in 16.7% patients and class IV in 83.3%. The average serum creatinine and proteinuria at the beginning of treatment were, respectively 3.1 ± 2.5 mg/dl and 7.2 ± 5.4 g/24h/1.73m2. Eighty-eight percent of patients had nephrotic range proteinuria and 83.3% had serum creatinine levels higher than 1.2mg/dl. The mean duration of nephritis before treatment was 10 months; however, in 52% of patients it was less than 6 months. Average follow-up time from the beginning of treatment to outcome (end-stage renal disease or death) was 72.2 ± 36.3 months. Patients received immunosuppressive therapy according to the National Institutes of Health protocol and were classified, according to clinical and laboratory response into complete remission, partial remission, or treatment failure. RESULTS: Total or partial remission was achieved in 70% of patients by the end of the first year; 62.5 % of patients were kept in remission up to the third year. The 3, 5, and 10-year actuarial renal survival rates were of 90.2%, 90.2%, and 77.67%, respectively. One patient died and 5 had to start hemodialysis. The adverse effects of immunosuppression were respiratory infection (19.0%), Herpes Zoster (7.1%), temporary (9.5%) and permanent (2.3%) amenorrhea, avascular necrosis of the femoral head (4.7%), and sepsis (2.3%). Neither hemorrhagic cystitis nor neoplasia were observed during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that intravenous cyclophosphamide was effective in the control of acute lupus nephritis and in the maintenance of long-term renal function without serious adverse events. OBJETIVOS: A ciclofosfamida intravenosa é amplamente usada no tratamento da nefrite lúpica. Para analisar os desfechos a longo prazo, estudamos 54 pacientes tratados com ciclofosfamida no período compreendido entre 1989 e 1999. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Quarenta e dois pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. As biópsias renais revelaram, de acordo com a classificação da Organização Mundial de Saúde, nefrite lúpica classe III em 16,7% dos pacientes e classe IV em 83,3%. No início do tratamento, médias de creatinina sérica e proteinúria foram, respectivamente de 3,1 ± 2,5 mg/dl e 7,2 ± 5,4g/24h/1.73m2. Oitenta e oito por cento dos pacientes tinham proteinúria nefrótica, e em 83,3% a creatinina sérica era maior que 1,2 mg/dl. A duração média da nefrite anterior ao tratamento era de 10 meses, porém em 52% dos pacientes a duração era inferior a 6 meses. O seguimento médio desde o início do tratamento até os desfechos avaliados (insuficiência renal crônica terminal ou morte) foi de 72,2 ± 36,3 meses. Os pacientes receberam tratamento imunossupressor de acordo com o protocolo do National Institutes of Health dos Estados Unidos. Os pacientes foram classificados de acordo com a resposta clínico-laboratorial em remissãocompleta, remissão parcial ou falha do tratamento. RESULTADOS: Remissão total ou parcial foi alcançada em 70% dos pacientes no final do primeiro ano, e 62,5 % se mantiveram em remissão no final do terceiro ano. A sobrevida renal atuarial no 3º, 5º e 10º anos foram de 90,2%, 90,2% e 77,67%, respectivamente. Um paciente evoluiu para óbito e cinco necessitaram iniciar hemodiálise. Efeitos adversos do tratamento imunossupressor foram infecção respiratória (19,0%), Herpes Zoster (7,1%), amenorréia transitória (9,5%) e permanente (2,3%), necrose avascular de fêmur (4,7%) e sepse (2,3%). No período de seguimento não foi observada a ocorrência de cistite hemorrágica ou neoplasia. CONCLUSÕES: Concluímos que ciclofosfamida endovenosa foi efetiva no controle da nefrite lúpica aguda e na manutenção da função renal a longo prazo, sem a ocorrência de efeitos adversos sérios.HCPA/FAMED/UFRGS2022-06-23info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPeer-reviewed ArticleAvaliado por Paresapplication/pdfhttps://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/article/view/125381Clinical & Biomedical Research; Vol. 20 No. 3 (2000): Revista HCPAClinical and Biomedical Research; v. 20 n. 3 (2000): Revista HCPA2357-9730reponame:Clinical and Biomedical Researchinstname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)instacron:UFRGSporhttps://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/article/view/125381/85234http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessV. Morales, José Veronese, Francisco J. Weber, Raimar L. Klamt, Charles Berdichewisk, Roberto 2022-09-16T16:33:15Zoai:seer.ufrgs.br:article/125381Revistahttps://www.seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpaPUBhttps://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/oai||cbr@hcpa.edu.br2357-97302357-9730opendoar:2022-09-16T16:33:15Clinical and Biomedical Research - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Treatment of severe lupus nephritis: effect of prolonged and intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide Tratamento da nefropatia lúpica severa: efeito da ciclofosfamida endovenosa prolongada e intermitente |
title |
Treatment of severe lupus nephritis: effect of prolonged and intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide |
spellingShingle |
Treatment of severe lupus nephritis: effect of prolonged and intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide V. Morales, José Nefropatia lúpica lúpus eritematoso sistêmico ciclofosfamida imunossupressores Lupus nephritis systemic lupus erythematosus cyclophosphamide immunosuppression |
title_short |
Treatment of severe lupus nephritis: effect of prolonged and intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide |
title_full |
Treatment of severe lupus nephritis: effect of prolonged and intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide |
title_fullStr |
Treatment of severe lupus nephritis: effect of prolonged and intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide |
title_full_unstemmed |
Treatment of severe lupus nephritis: effect of prolonged and intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide |
title_sort |
Treatment of severe lupus nephritis: effect of prolonged and intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide |
author |
V. Morales, José |
author_facet |
V. Morales, José Veronese, Francisco J. Weber, Raimar L. Klamt, Charles Berdichewisk, Roberto |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Veronese, Francisco J. Weber, Raimar L. Klamt, Charles Berdichewisk, Roberto |
author2_role |
author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
V. Morales, José Veronese, Francisco J. Weber, Raimar L. Klamt, Charles Berdichewisk, Roberto |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Nefropatia lúpica lúpus eritematoso sistêmico ciclofosfamida imunossupressores Lupus nephritis systemic lupus erythematosus cyclophosphamide immunosuppression |
topic |
Nefropatia lúpica lúpus eritematoso sistêmico ciclofosfamida imunossupressores Lupus nephritis systemic lupus erythematosus cyclophosphamide immunosuppression |
description |
OBJECTIVE: Intravenous cyclophosphamide is widely used in the treatment of lupus nephritis. In order to analyze long-term outcome in patients with severe lupus nephritis, we studied 54 patients treated with cyclophosphamide at our services between 1989 and 1999. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included 42 patients. According to World Health Organization classification, the initial renal biopsy indicated lupus nephritis class III in 16.7% patients and class IV in 83.3%. The average serum creatinine and proteinuria at the beginning of treatment were, respectively 3.1 ± 2.5 mg/dl and 7.2 ± 5.4 g/24h/1.73m2. Eighty-eight percent of patients had nephrotic range proteinuria and 83.3% had serum creatinine levels higher than 1.2mg/dl. The mean duration of nephritis before treatment was 10 months; however, in 52% of patients it was less than 6 months. Average follow-up time from the beginning of treatment to outcome (end-stage renal disease or death) was 72.2 ± 36.3 months. Patients received immunosuppressive therapy according to the National Institutes of Health protocol and were classified, according to clinical and laboratory response into complete remission, partial remission, or treatment failure. RESULTS: Total or partial remission was achieved in 70% of patients by the end of the first year; 62.5 % of patients were kept in remission up to the third year. The 3, 5, and 10-year actuarial renal survival rates were of 90.2%, 90.2%, and 77.67%, respectively. One patient died and 5 had to start hemodialysis. The adverse effects of immunosuppression were respiratory infection (19.0%), Herpes Zoster (7.1%), temporary (9.5%) and permanent (2.3%) amenorrhea, avascular necrosis of the femoral head (4.7%), and sepsis (2.3%). Neither hemorrhagic cystitis nor neoplasia were observed during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that intravenous cyclophosphamide was effective in the control of acute lupus nephritis and in the maintenance of long-term renal function without serious adverse events. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-06-23 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Avaliado por Pares |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/article/view/125381 |
url |
https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/article/view/125381 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/article/view/125381/85234 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
HCPA/FAMED/UFRGS |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
HCPA/FAMED/UFRGS |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Clinical & Biomedical Research; Vol. 20 No. 3 (2000): Revista HCPA Clinical and Biomedical Research; v. 20 n. 3 (2000): Revista HCPA 2357-9730 reponame:Clinical and Biomedical Research instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) instacron:UFRGS |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) |
instacron_str |
UFRGS |
institution |
UFRGS |
reponame_str |
Clinical and Biomedical Research |
collection |
Clinical and Biomedical Research |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Clinical and Biomedical Research - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
||cbr@hcpa.edu.br |
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1750135160202854400 |