Anemia hemolítica imunomediada medicamentosa em uma cadela
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFRGS |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10183/234175 |
Resumo: | Background: Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is characterized by an autoimmune response with production of auto-antibodies and destruction of erythrocytes resulting in anemia. Primary IMHA is referred to a condition when the cause is unknown (idiopathic), whereas secondary IMHA involves changes in red blood cells caused by the action of drugs, neoplasms, or infectious diseases. The diagnosis can be made through changes in the blood count, usually of a regenerative character, Coombs test, and autoagglutination test. The present study aimed to report a case of drug-induced hemolytic anemia, with emphasis on the clinical signs, diagnostic methods, and treatment, in a female dog. Case: A 9-year-old mixed-breed bitch weighing 29.6 kg was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (HCVUFRGS) with a previous diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele that was unresponsive to clinical treatment. After laboratory tests, cholecystectomy was performed, and the procedure required conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. Therapy included administration of amoxicillin, dipyrone, tramadol hydrochloride, and meloxicam. Three days after surgery, the dog presented with apathy, lethargy, hyporexia, and a pale and subicteric mucosa. The patient developed hypochromic macrocytic anemia with reticulocytosis, spherocytosis, anisocytosis, and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. The result of the autoagglutination test was positive, confirming the diagnosis. All medications were suspended, and immunosuppressive treatment with dexamethasone was included, with a subsequent switch to prednisolone. After 10 days of treatment, the patient experienced significant improvement, and therapy was discontinued. Discussion: Based on the patient’s history, the cause of the IMHA was secondary to drug administration, and it is not possible to distinguish if it was due to one or a combination of drugs, as they were all started and stopped simultaneously. The patient had hypothyroidism, which may have contributed to the production of antibodies against TSH receptors, blocking the hormone’s action, thereby causing tissue damage due to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the effect of cytokines. The pale and subicteric mucosa, apathy, weakness, lethargy, exercise intolerance, and dyspnea resulted from extravascular hemolysis and bilirubin released from erythrocyte rupture with a subsequent decrease in the number of red blood cells, leading to oxygen transport deficiency. The diagnosis is based on the blood count and results of autoagglutination supported by the response to immunosuppressive therapy. Anemia results in increased production and release of precursor cells from the bone marrow, accompanied by reticulocytosis and increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The treatment of IMHA consists of supportive care and immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids to ensure suppression of the immune system, preventing response against erythrocytes. Initially, tramadol hydrochloride, dipyrone, and amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate were suspended to interrupt the cause of IMHA, and administration of dexamethasone in an immunosuppressive dose was started. Therefore, it is important to include drug-induced IMHA in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with anemia after using medications. Early diagnosis, initiation of therapy, and adequate care were important factors for the recovery of the animal. |
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Martins, Alana TayjenLedur, Gabriela ReisQueiroga, Luciana BranquinhoBeck, Carlos Afonso de CastroCarvalho, Anderson Luiz deTrindade, Anelise Bonilla2022-01-19T04:36:26Z20211678-0345http://hdl.handle.net/10183/234175001136037Background: Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is characterized by an autoimmune response with production of auto-antibodies and destruction of erythrocytes resulting in anemia. Primary IMHA is referred to a condition when the cause is unknown (idiopathic), whereas secondary IMHA involves changes in red blood cells caused by the action of drugs, neoplasms, or infectious diseases. The diagnosis can be made through changes in the blood count, usually of a regenerative character, Coombs test, and autoagglutination test. The present study aimed to report a case of drug-induced hemolytic anemia, with emphasis on the clinical signs, diagnostic methods, and treatment, in a female dog. Case: A 9-year-old mixed-breed bitch weighing 29.6 kg was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (HCVUFRGS) with a previous diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele that was unresponsive to clinical treatment. After laboratory tests, cholecystectomy was performed, and the procedure required conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. Therapy included administration of amoxicillin, dipyrone, tramadol hydrochloride, and meloxicam. Three days after surgery, the dog presented with apathy, lethargy, hyporexia, and a pale and subicteric mucosa. The patient developed hypochromic macrocytic anemia with reticulocytosis, spherocytosis, anisocytosis, and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. The result of the autoagglutination test was positive, confirming the diagnosis. All medications were suspended, and immunosuppressive treatment with dexamethasone was included, with a subsequent switch to prednisolone. After 10 days of treatment, the patient experienced significant improvement, and therapy was discontinued. Discussion: Based on the patient’s history, the cause of the IMHA was secondary to drug administration, and it is not possible to distinguish if it was due to one or a combination of drugs, as they were all started and stopped simultaneously. The patient had hypothyroidism, which may have contributed to the production of antibodies against TSH receptors, blocking the hormone’s action, thereby causing tissue damage due to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the effect of cytokines. The pale and subicteric mucosa, apathy, weakness, lethargy, exercise intolerance, and dyspnea resulted from extravascular hemolysis and bilirubin released from erythrocyte rupture with a subsequent decrease in the number of red blood cells, leading to oxygen transport deficiency. The diagnosis is based on the blood count and results of autoagglutination supported by the response to immunosuppressive therapy. Anemia results in increased production and release of precursor cells from the bone marrow, accompanied by reticulocytosis and increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The treatment of IMHA consists of supportive care and immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids to ensure suppression of the immune system, preventing response against erythrocytes. Initially, tramadol hydrochloride, dipyrone, and amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate were suspended to interrupt the cause of IMHA, and administration of dexamethasone in an immunosuppressive dose was started. Therefore, it is important to include drug-induced IMHA in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with anemia after using medications. Early diagnosis, initiation of therapy, and adequate care were important factors for the recovery of the animal.application/pdfporActa scientiae veterinariae. Porto Alegre, RS. Vol. 49, supl. 1 (2021), Pub. 733. 5 p.Anemia hemolíticaColecistectomiaDiagnósticoTratamentoCãesHypochromic macrocytic anemiaErythrocyteHemoglobinSpherocyteDogAnemia hemolítica imunomediada medicamentosa em uma cadelaImmune-mediated hemolytic anemia in a bitch triggered by drugs info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/otherinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRGSinstname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)instacron:UFRGSTEXT001136037.pdf.txt001136037.pdf.txtExtracted Texttext/plain19185http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/10183/234175/2/001136037.pdf.txt38980afd80177ccfc02f5d6a3ed65398MD52ORIGINAL001136037.pdfTexto completoapplication/pdf368742http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/10183/234175/1/001136037.pdfc9b487aa9daf013991ba232c051dd5efMD5110183/2341752022-02-22 04:52:20.775201oai:www.lume.ufrgs.br:10183/234175Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttps://lume.ufrgs.br/oai/requestopendoar:2022-02-22T07:52:20Repositório Institucional da UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)false |
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Anemia hemolítica imunomediada medicamentosa em uma cadela |
dc.title.alternative.en.fl_str_mv |
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in a bitch triggered by drugs |
title |
Anemia hemolítica imunomediada medicamentosa em uma cadela |
spellingShingle |
Anemia hemolítica imunomediada medicamentosa em uma cadela Martins, Alana Tayjen Anemia hemolítica Colecistectomia Diagnóstico Tratamento Cães Hypochromic macrocytic anemia Erythrocyte Hemoglobin Spherocyte Dog |
title_short |
Anemia hemolítica imunomediada medicamentosa em uma cadela |
title_full |
Anemia hemolítica imunomediada medicamentosa em uma cadela |
title_fullStr |
Anemia hemolítica imunomediada medicamentosa em uma cadela |
title_full_unstemmed |
Anemia hemolítica imunomediada medicamentosa em uma cadela |
title_sort |
Anemia hemolítica imunomediada medicamentosa em uma cadela |
author |
Martins, Alana Tayjen |
author_facet |
Martins, Alana Tayjen Ledur, Gabriela Reis Queiroga, Luciana Branquinho Beck, Carlos Afonso de Castro Carvalho, Anderson Luiz de Trindade, Anelise Bonilla |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Ledur, Gabriela Reis Queiroga, Luciana Branquinho Beck, Carlos Afonso de Castro Carvalho, Anderson Luiz de Trindade, Anelise Bonilla |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Martins, Alana Tayjen Ledur, Gabriela Reis Queiroga, Luciana Branquinho Beck, Carlos Afonso de Castro Carvalho, Anderson Luiz de Trindade, Anelise Bonilla |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Anemia hemolítica Colecistectomia Diagnóstico Tratamento Cães |
topic |
Anemia hemolítica Colecistectomia Diagnóstico Tratamento Cães Hypochromic macrocytic anemia Erythrocyte Hemoglobin Spherocyte Dog |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Hypochromic macrocytic anemia Erythrocyte Hemoglobin Spherocyte Dog |
description |
Background: Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is characterized by an autoimmune response with production of auto-antibodies and destruction of erythrocytes resulting in anemia. Primary IMHA is referred to a condition when the cause is unknown (idiopathic), whereas secondary IMHA involves changes in red blood cells caused by the action of drugs, neoplasms, or infectious diseases. The diagnosis can be made through changes in the blood count, usually of a regenerative character, Coombs test, and autoagglutination test. The present study aimed to report a case of drug-induced hemolytic anemia, with emphasis on the clinical signs, diagnostic methods, and treatment, in a female dog. Case: A 9-year-old mixed-breed bitch weighing 29.6 kg was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (HCVUFRGS) with a previous diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele that was unresponsive to clinical treatment. After laboratory tests, cholecystectomy was performed, and the procedure required conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. Therapy included administration of amoxicillin, dipyrone, tramadol hydrochloride, and meloxicam. Three days after surgery, the dog presented with apathy, lethargy, hyporexia, and a pale and subicteric mucosa. The patient developed hypochromic macrocytic anemia with reticulocytosis, spherocytosis, anisocytosis, and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. The result of the autoagglutination test was positive, confirming the diagnosis. All medications were suspended, and immunosuppressive treatment with dexamethasone was included, with a subsequent switch to prednisolone. After 10 days of treatment, the patient experienced significant improvement, and therapy was discontinued. Discussion: Based on the patient’s history, the cause of the IMHA was secondary to drug administration, and it is not possible to distinguish if it was due to one or a combination of drugs, as they were all started and stopped simultaneously. The patient had hypothyroidism, which may have contributed to the production of antibodies against TSH receptors, blocking the hormone’s action, thereby causing tissue damage due to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the effect of cytokines. The pale and subicteric mucosa, apathy, weakness, lethargy, exercise intolerance, and dyspnea resulted from extravascular hemolysis and bilirubin released from erythrocyte rupture with a subsequent decrease in the number of red blood cells, leading to oxygen transport deficiency. The diagnosis is based on the blood count and results of autoagglutination supported by the response to immunosuppressive therapy. Anemia results in increased production and release of precursor cells from the bone marrow, accompanied by reticulocytosis and increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The treatment of IMHA consists of supportive care and immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids to ensure suppression of the immune system, preventing response against erythrocytes. Initially, tramadol hydrochloride, dipyrone, and amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate were suspended to interrupt the cause of IMHA, and administration of dexamethasone in an immunosuppressive dose was started. Therefore, it is important to include drug-induced IMHA in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with anemia after using medications. Early diagnosis, initiation of therapy, and adequate care were important factors for the recovery of the animal. |
publishDate |
2021 |
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2021 |
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2022-01-19T04:36:26Z |
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Acta scientiae veterinariae. Porto Alegre, RS. Vol. 49, supl. 1 (2021), Pub. 733. 5 p. |
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