Estudo químico e biológico do óleo essencial e do extrato bruto extraído da planta Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pavón (Rubiaceae)

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Danielle Varela de Morais
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFRR
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufrr.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/251
• topic: Óleo essencial; Componentes químicos; Psychotria; Psychotria viridis; Essential oil; Chemical components; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA

The use of medicinal plants for human treatment, cure and disease prevention, is performed for humanity long ago. The Rubiaceae family is a large family, of 630 genus and about 13,000 species found worldwide. The work to be approached aimed to study and evaluate the components present in the essential oil and crude extract of parts of Psychotria viridis plant such as the stem, leaf and fruit. The samples were collected in the region of Jacamim, city of Cantá, Boa Vista-RR. Extracted the essential oil, of the collected samples, by hydrodistillation process with Clevenger type system for 4 hours in Natural Products Laboratory of the Federal University of Roraima and also the crude extract using the Soxhlet system and solvents such as hexane, ethanol and chloroform for a period of about 2-5 hours. Was calculated yields Essential oil fruit, 0,11%, leaf, 0,02% and from the stem, 0,07%. We used the CG / EM system and were identified 29 constituents in the essential oil extracted from the fruit of the plant and 3 constituents in the essential oil of the sheet. From the constituents identified in the sample those considered majority according to concentration were tetradecanal (20,10%), 1-Hexadecanol (9,25%) and tetradecanal (70,65%) in the leaf, and fruit was acid dodecanoic (5,28%), acid tetradecanoic (11,08%), 2-pentadecanone (3,36%) (Isotiocianatometil) benzene (4,66%) and acid pentadecanoic (58,22%). According to the phytochemical, was detected in parts of Psychotria viridis plant, in other words, in the leaf and fruit, some secondary metabolites as, the presence of alkaloids in the essential oil of the two parts studied, while in the extracted extract of the species in question using the solvent hexane was detected on leaf the presence of saponins and in the fruit steroids and triterpenoids, saponins and quaternary bases. Were also used two other solvents in the extraction of crude extract, chloroform and ethanol, and in them were detected a few other secondary metabolites that are specified in this paper. In the test of inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase the A25 and A26 samples, which correspond respectively to the extracted extract of the stem and leaf of studied plant, showed the highest percentage of inhibition 84,22% and 82,46%, respectively, showing that forms a potent inhibitory effect according Vinutha et al. (2007). In the antimicrobial tests A24 sample, which corresponds to from fruit extract, was the one who showed greater inhibition of gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli with 43,15% and 5,51 error. Already the A26 sample who showed greater inhibition of gram-negative bacterium Staphylococcus tiphymurium with 100% and 4,74 error. Chemical shifts of A24 sample supplied by NMR H1 200,13MHz were added to PROTOLEOS, which suggested the following: oleic acid (15,98%), linoleic acid (0,14%), linolenic acid (11,32%) and saturated fatty acid (72,55%). Its physicochemical properties are provided by PROTÓLEOS: iodine value (110,88 mg I2/g), acid value (3,73 mg KOH/g), saponification index (124,82 mg KOH/g), average molecular weight (1160,3 g/mol), esterification ratio (121,09 mg KOH/g) and esterification (97,09%).