A difus?o dos programas de conserva??o da biodiversidade na Reserva Nacional de Niassa

• Autor(a) principal: VIANA, Joaquim Armando Dlima
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
• Texto Completo: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1291
• topic: conservation; biodiversity; local communities; Niassa National Reserve; conserva??o; biodiversidade; comunidades locais; Reserva Nacional do Niassa; Conserva??o da Natureza

Biodiversity in Southern African countries plays an important role in rural communities. The components of biodiversity provide over 70% of the animal protein consumed by rural communities, source for traditional medicine, wild basic foodstuffs and building materials. Thus, southern African countries have implemented conservation programs to safeguard the interests of local populations. Mozambique also followed this process. Since its independence in 1975, Mozambique has been making efforts to protect its flora and fauna. However, day after day the statistics point out a degradation and loss of biodiversity throughout the country. Poaching and logging that feed Asian markets, increasing demand for wood fuel by local people, shifting cultivation, forest fires, lack of plans for land management, all associated with the population growth are pointed out as the main villains for the biodiversity crisis in Mozambique. Several national researchers as well, as international organizations concerned with the conservation, criticize the government's policies and strategies. It is with this problem, that the purpose of this study was to analyze the actions of conservation of biological diversity in Niassa National Reserve and its impact on the people living near the National Reserve. The results show that the main achievements in the political arena were the membership and subscription to international agreements and treaties, such as the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Protocol on Wildlife Conservation and Law Enforcement in SADC, among others. Ratification of these agreements pressured the government to design a series of laws, policies, strategies and programs aimed mostly the conservation and management of biodiversity and its main target the social and economic well-being of the local community. The Land Law (1999), Environmental Law (1999) and Law of Forests and Wildlife (1999) regulate, among other things, the relationship of interaction between the state, the private sector and local communities for management purposes and conservation of natural resources. However, due to a historical-political context, the government still holds local communities apart which is an unfavorable situation for biodiversity management. This distance between the government and local communities contributes to that poachers, illegal loggers, and other explorers not formalized, get the protection of the local communities as partners to achieve their intentions. If the purpose of the implementation of the programs was to alleviate poverty and improve biodiversity conservation, so the results show that to some extent, both failed and need a deep reflection to continue.