Corredores ecol?gicos no Brasil e no mundo: uma s?ntese das experi?ncias

• Autor(a) principal: Mello, Felipe Martins Cordeiro de
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
• Texto Completo: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2492
• topic: Corredores Ecol?gicos; Conectividade; ?reas Protegidas; Ecological Corridors; Connectivity; Protected Areas; Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal

In their origins, and especially from the point of view of conservation biology, ecological corridors were defined as portions of natural or semi-natural - restored - ecosystems that connected forest fragments, located generally in protected areas, in order to enable among them the movement of the biota and thus the gene flow. It should be noted a dual function: to both facilitate the dispersion of species and recolonization of degraded areas, and ensure the maintenance of populations that require, for their survival, natural areas with greater extent of that contained in protected areas considered separately. This initial concept, strictly biological imprint, acquired an interdisciplinary character when incorporated the socio-cultural and economic dimensions giving rise to the concept of Biodiversity Corridor. It corresponds to a large area of extreme biological importance, consisting of a network of protected areas interspersed with varying degrees of human occupation or different forms of land use, in which the management is integrated to ensure the survival of all species the maintenance of ecological and evolutionary processes and the development of a strong regional economy. This is a proposal for spatial planning to plan conservation actions on a regional scale and involving different sectors of society. Within this perspective, several international and national initiatives are being put into practice using as basis the concept of connectivity. In Australia the government created the National Wildlife Corridors and is implementing, on a continental scale, actions to restore connectivity. In the Mesoamerican region an initiative involving eight countries - the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor - has achieved good conservation outcomes which influenced one of these countries - Costa Rica - to implement the National Biological Corridors as one of the bases of its environmental policy. In Brazil, where the concepts of connectivity and corridors have been implemented for over almost two decades, important advances have been recorded. In the state of Esp?rito Santo, for example, actions to implement the Central Corridor of the Atlantic are running and bringing direct benefits to the stakeholders. This study aimed to evaluate different initiatives of biodiversity corridors around the world and in Brazil doing a critical analysis of the successes and difficulties encountered and suggesting recommendations to contribute to the improvement of the same.