Espessura íntima-média carotídea em pacientes com câncer de próstata em tratamento antiandrogênico

• Main Author: Soares, William Giovanni Panfiglio
• Publication Date: 2014
• Format: Master thesis
• Language: por
• Source: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Download full: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3699
• topic: Tratamento de antiandrógenos; Aterosclerose; Marcadores bioquímicos; Câncer de próstata; Ultrassonografia Doppler; Androgen antagonists; Atherosclerosis; Carotid intima-media thickness; Prostatic neoplasms; Ultrasonography, doppler; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in Brazilian males and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is generally employed in its treatment. However, ADT is associated with negative outcomes, like increased incidence of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Many of these side effects are closely related to atherosclerosis. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is an important biomarker of atherosclerosis, and is employed as risk predictor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the carotid intima-media thickness in patients with prostate cancer, inspect for the presence of plaque in their carotid arteries, and investigate the relationship between carotid plaques with ADT duration and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 65 men diagnosed with prostate cancer undergoing ADT for, at least three months, was conducted from July to November 2013. Patients were matched for age, comorbidities, treatment type, duration and stage of the neoplasm. The presence of plaque was defined as a focal structure that encroaches into the arterial lumen of at least 0.5 mm or 50% of the surrounding intima-media thickness value or demonstrates a thickness >1.5. Results: Seventy participants were enrolled, but five were excluded due to incomplete data collection. The mean age (±SD) was 73.9 (±9.4) years, 34% were receiving maximum androgen blockade (peripheral and central associated) and patients were under ADT for 34.8 (±31.5) months. The LDL-c, HDL-c and triglycerides had values outside the normal range in 26%, 65% and 48% patients, respectively. Thirty-nine (60%) patients had carotid plaques. The average thickness of the carotid intima-media in patients without plaques was 1.24 (±0.18) mm. Statistically significant relationship between the intima-media thickness and age, diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) was found (p = 0.002; p = 0.015 and p = 0.007, respectively). About the laboratory tests, statistical significance was found between atherosclerosis in this population and SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) and quantitative CRP (C-reactive protein), p = 0.033 and p = 0.011, respectively. Patients under maximum androgen blockade had significantly higher risk for the presence of carotid plaques in comparison to patients under exclusive central androgen blockage (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Among the 65 men tested, the average thickness of the carotid intima-media was 1.24 mm. Carotid-artery plaque was present in 60% of the individuals, although no statistical significance was found between the presence of carotid plaques and duration of androgen treatment. On the other hand, a significant relationship between CIMT and age, BMI, diastolic blood pressure, maximum androgen blockade, SHBG and CRP was observed, that should be considered for risk-benefit discussion related to ADT and future studies.