Infecção de corrente sanguínea relacionada a catéter venoso central em Hospital Universitário

• Autor(a) principal: Carneiro, Luan Gustavo Lima Carvalho
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/12901
• topic: Infecção de corrente sanguínea; Catéter venoso ventral; Bacteremia; Infecção nosocomial; Bloodstream infection; Central venous catheter; Nosocomial infection; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA

Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a public health problem of significant social and financial impact worldwide. It is associated with high mortality rates, besides being responsible for prolonging the length of stay and consequent increase of expenses by the health system. Up to 90% of these infections are estimated to be related to the Central Venous Catheter (CVC). Mortality from this cause in the US generally exceeds 10%, while in developing countries this percentage reaches about 17%. In Brazil the scenario is even more worrying with studies showing rates of up to 40%. Although Staphylococcus species stand out among the CLABSI related agents in general, there has been a predominance of gram negatives in the national studies as the main causes of BSI. In addition, the rise in antimicrobial resistance rates has become a problem of international focus. National data indicate progressive elevation resistance rates with species of Acinetobacter sp. carbapenem resistant and Oxacillin resistant CoNS greater than 70% in both cases. Despite this scenario, and the lack of compelling epidemiological data on CLABSI in the state of Sergipe, this study sought to know the epidemiological profile of the University Hospital (HU), and to gather data on etiological agents, antimicrobial resistance rates and application of prevention measures associated with this syndrome. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective research, performed at the HU in the city of Aracaju / SE. We evaluated data on all patients with CLABSI from 2016 to 2018 in the referred hospital unit. This process took place by reviewing existing medical records in the HU file database, and later tabulating and interpreting the data. As a result, 17 cases were found during the study period, showing an ICS mortality rate of 11.7% and a high incidence of gram negative germs (52.95%). The most prevalent microorganisms were CoNS species (35.3%). A high resistance rate was found among third generation cephalosporin gram negatives, and a carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae strain was reported. The results agree with other national studies, and differ from publications from developed countries. Moreover, they corroborate the known scenario of the elevation of antimicrobial resistance pattern. Thus, it reinforces the need for continuous monitoring of surveillance and implementation of improvements in the prevention scheme and the establishment of empirical treatments.