Limiares auditivos eletrofisiológicos com os estímulos NB CE-Chirp® LS e NB iChirp no público infantil
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/25665 |
Resumo: | The present research described reference values for the electrophysiological thresholds of the frequency specific Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) with the NB CE-Chirp® LS and NB iChirp stimuli in hearing infants and compared the minimum level of responses, latency and amplitude of both stimuli (Article 1). Also, it sought to analyze the correlation between the electrophysiological thresholds, with the same stimuli, and the behavioral ones of children with hearing loss (Article 2). The time of testing for both stimuli were compared. 74 hearing infants and 21 hearing impaired children participated in this study. The frequencies investigated were 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz, by air conduction with the NB CE-Chirp® LS stimulus in the Eclipse equipment, and with the NB iChirp in the SmartEP. The hearing impaired children were also submitted to behavioral auditory assessment. The electrophysiological thresholds for the hearing infants were obtained in the same session, in natural sleep, and in most participants, unilaterally. As for the hearing impaired children, the research was performed in both ears, in half of the sample at 500Hz and 2000Hz and at 1000Hz and 4000hz in the rest, this choice was made by draw. For both groups, the minimum levels of response were researched, i.e. the lower intensity at which the wave V was visualized, and the time of testing was clocked. All exams were evaluated by judges with experience in ABR, after being tabulated and statistically analyzed. In regard to the thresholds of hearing infants, the minimum levels of response and the latency at 500Hz and 1000Hz showed a statistically significant difference between the stimuli, with lower thresholds and higher latencies for the NB iChirp. Higher amplitudes were obtained with the NB iChirp stimulus. The average time of testing for the threshold investigation at the four frequencies was 40 minutes for each ear. For children with hearing loss, there was a strong correlation between the two stimuli and also between electrophysiological and behavioral thresholds at the frequencies of 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz. The mean differences between the electrophysiological and behavioral thresholds were below 6dBnHL and the time of testing was similar between the equipment. From these data, the study made it possible to estimate reference values for the electrophysiological thresholds with the NB CE-Chirp® LS and NB iChirp for hearing infants and found that with the NB iChirp the latency of responses is influenced by frequency and that this stimulus provides better amplitudes when compared to the NB CE-Chirp® LS. Additionally, it was possible to evidence that the NB CE-Chirp® LS and the NB iChirp similarly measure the electrophysiological thresholds of children with hearing loss and accurately estimate the behavioral auditory thresholds of this population. There was no difference in the time of testing between the stimuli for both normal-hearing infants and hearing impaired children. |
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2022-07-27T16:35:43Z2022-07-27T16:35:43Z2022-03-23http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/25665The present research described reference values for the electrophysiological thresholds of the frequency specific Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) with the NB CE-Chirp® LS and NB iChirp stimuli in hearing infants and compared the minimum level of responses, latency and amplitude of both stimuli (Article 1). Also, it sought to analyze the correlation between the electrophysiological thresholds, with the same stimuli, and the behavioral ones of children with hearing loss (Article 2). The time of testing for both stimuli were compared. 74 hearing infants and 21 hearing impaired children participated in this study. The frequencies investigated were 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz, by air conduction with the NB CE-Chirp® LS stimulus in the Eclipse equipment, and with the NB iChirp in the SmartEP. The hearing impaired children were also submitted to behavioral auditory assessment. The electrophysiological thresholds for the hearing infants were obtained in the same session, in natural sleep, and in most participants, unilaterally. As for the hearing impaired children, the research was performed in both ears, in half of the sample at 500Hz and 2000Hz and at 1000Hz and 4000hz in the rest, this choice was made by draw. For both groups, the minimum levels of response were researched, i.e. the lower intensity at which the wave V was visualized, and the time of testing was clocked. All exams were evaluated by judges with experience in ABR, after being tabulated and statistically analyzed. In regard to the thresholds of hearing infants, the minimum levels of response and the latency at 500Hz and 1000Hz showed a statistically significant difference between the stimuli, with lower thresholds and higher latencies for the NB iChirp. Higher amplitudes were obtained with the NB iChirp stimulus. The average time of testing for the threshold investigation at the four frequencies was 40 minutes for each ear. For children with hearing loss, there was a strong correlation between the two stimuli and also between electrophysiological and behavioral thresholds at the frequencies of 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz. The mean differences between the electrophysiological and behavioral thresholds were below 6dBnHL and the time of testing was similar between the equipment. From these data, the study made it possible to estimate reference values for the electrophysiological thresholds with the NB CE-Chirp® LS and NB iChirp for hearing infants and found that with the NB iChirp the latency of responses is influenced by frequency and that this stimulus provides better amplitudes when compared to the NB CE-Chirp® LS. Additionally, it was possible to evidence that the NB CE-Chirp® LS and the NB iChirp similarly measure the electrophysiological thresholds of children with hearing loss and accurately estimate the behavioral auditory thresholds of this population. There was no difference in the time of testing between the stimuli for both normal-hearing infants and hearing impaired children.A presente pesquisa descreveu valores de referência para os limiares eletrofisiológicos por meio do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico – frequência específica (PEATE-FE) com os estímulos NB CE-Chirp® LS e NB iChirp em lactentes ouvintes e comparou os níveis mínimos de respostas, latência e amplitude de ambos os estímulos (Artigo 1). Além disso, buscou analisar a correlação entre os limiares eletrofisiológicos, com os mesmos estímulos, e os comportamentais de crianças com deficiência auditiva (Artigo 2). O tempo de exame para ambos os estímulos foi comparado. Participaram deste estudo 74 lactentes ouvintes e 21 crianças com deficiência auditiva. As frequências pesquisadas foram 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz e 4000Hz, por via aérea com o estímulo NB CE-Chirp® LS no equipamento Eclipse, e com o NB iChirp no SmartEP. Nas crianças com deficiência auditiva também realizou-se avaliação auditiva comportamental. Para os lactentes ouvintes, os limiares eletrofisiológicos foram obtidos em uma mesma sessão, em sono natural e na maioria dos participantes, unilateralmente. Para as crianças com deficiência auditiva, a pesquisa ocorreu em ambas as orelhas e em parte delas em 500Hz e 2000Hz e em outra parte em 1000Hz e 4000Hz, escolha esta feita por meio de sorteio. Para os dois grupos buscou-se os níveis mínimos de resposta, ou seja, a menor intensidade em que a onda V era visualizada e o tempo de exame foi cronometrado. Todos os exames foram avaliados por juízes com experiência em PEATE, após tabulados e analisados estatisticamente. Quanto aos limiares dos lactentes ouvintes, os níveis mínimos de resposta e a latência em 500Hz e 1000Hz apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre os estímulos, com menores limiares e maiores latências para o NB iChirp. Maiores amplitudes foram obtidas com o estímulo NB iChirp. A média de tempo de exame para a pesquisa do limiar nas quatro frequências foi de 40 minutos para cada orelha. Para as crianças com deficiência auditiva, houve uma correlação forte entre os dois estímulos e também entre os limiares eletrofisiológicos e os comportamentais nas frequências de 1000Hz, 2000Hz e 4000Hz. As diferenças médias entre os limiares eletrofisiológicos e os comportamentais ficaram inferiores a 6dBnNA e a duração do exame foi semelhante entre os equipamentos. A partir desses dados, o estudo possibilitou estimar valores de referência para os limiares eletrofisiológicos com o NB CE-Chirp® LS e NB iChirp para lactentes ouvintes e constatou que com o NB iChirp a latência das respostas é influenciada pela frequência e que este estímulo proporciona melhores amplitudes quando comparado ao NB CE-Chirp® LS. Adicionalmente foi possível evidenciar que o NB CE-Chirp® LS e o NB iChirp mensuram de forma semelhante os limiares eletrofisiológicos de crianças com deficiência auditiva e estimam de forma precisa os limiares auditivos comportamentais dessa população. Não houve diferença de tempo de exame entre os estímulos tanto para os lactentes ouvintes, quanto para as crianças com deficiência auditiva.porUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaCentro de Ciências da SaúdePrograma de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios da Comunicação HumanaUFSMBrasilFonoaudiologiaAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAudiçãoEletrofisiologiaPotenciais evocados auditivosCriançaPerda auditivaTestes auditivosHearingElectrophysiologyEvoked potentials, auditoryChildHearing lossHearing testsCNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::FONOAUDIOLOGIALimiares auditivos eletrofisiológicos com os estímulos NB CE-Chirp® LS e NB iChirp no público infantilElectrophysiological auditory thresholds with NB CE-Chirp® LS and NB iChirp stimuli in the child populationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisBiaggio, Eliara Pinto Vieirahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6091731551273820Garcia, Michele VargasFrizzo, Ana Claudia FigueiredoMatas, Carla GentileAzevedo, Marisa Frasson dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1450333625673396Mattiazzi, Ângela Leusin400700000003600600600600600600600c1512377-6d19-4765-8b4c-7b8a1f8e054372eee652-bea4-498b-89ae-fc363cc407bdc02b4699-5271-4fef-87fb-3d3a76077c39ae7de9ce-3015-4ecb-aec9-5079e33f1997e5b81ba6-804c-4d81-860e-54a2d2add0b39d4b59f7-7b7c-4876-8698-bd0aa37b72e9reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/25665/2/license_rdf4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81956http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/25665/3/license.txt2f0571ecee68693bd5cd3f17c1e075dfMD53ORIGINALTES_PPGDCH_2022_MATTIAZZI_ANGELA.pdfTES_PPGDCH_2022_MATTIAZZI_ANGELA.pdfTese de Doutoradoapplication/pdf4887191http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/25665/1/TES_PPGDCH_2022_MATTIAZZI_ANGELA.pdfd0709a4c845abd6bc950446383451828MD511/256652022-07-27 13:35:46.119oai:repositorio.ufsm.br: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ório Institucionalhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/PUBhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestopendoar:39132022-07-27T16:35:46Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Limiares auditivos eletrofisiológicos com os estímulos NB CE-Chirp® LS e NB iChirp no público infantil |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Electrophysiological auditory thresholds with NB CE-Chirp® LS and NB iChirp stimuli in the child population |
title |
Limiares auditivos eletrofisiológicos com os estímulos NB CE-Chirp® LS e NB iChirp no público infantil |
spellingShingle |
Limiares auditivos eletrofisiológicos com os estímulos NB CE-Chirp® LS e NB iChirp no público infantil Mattiazzi, Ângela Leusin Audição Eletrofisiologia Potenciais evocados auditivos Criança Perda auditiva Testes auditivos Hearing Electrophysiology Evoked potentials, auditory Child Hearing loss Hearing tests CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::FONOAUDIOLOGIA |
title_short |
Limiares auditivos eletrofisiológicos com os estímulos NB CE-Chirp® LS e NB iChirp no público infantil |
title_full |
Limiares auditivos eletrofisiológicos com os estímulos NB CE-Chirp® LS e NB iChirp no público infantil |
title_fullStr |
Limiares auditivos eletrofisiológicos com os estímulos NB CE-Chirp® LS e NB iChirp no público infantil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Limiares auditivos eletrofisiológicos com os estímulos NB CE-Chirp® LS e NB iChirp no público infantil |
title_sort |
Limiares auditivos eletrofisiológicos com os estímulos NB CE-Chirp® LS e NB iChirp no público infantil |
author |
Mattiazzi, Ângela Leusin |
author_facet |
Mattiazzi, Ângela Leusin |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Biaggio, Eliara Pinto Vieira |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6091731551273820 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Garcia, Michele Vargas |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Frizzo, Ana Claudia Figueiredo |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Matas, Carla Gentile |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Azevedo, Marisa Frasson de |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1450333625673396 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Mattiazzi, Ângela Leusin |
contributor_str_mv |
Biaggio, Eliara Pinto Vieira Garcia, Michele Vargas Frizzo, Ana Claudia Figueiredo Matas, Carla Gentile Azevedo, Marisa Frasson de |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Audição Eletrofisiologia Potenciais evocados auditivos Criança Perda auditiva Testes auditivos |
topic |
Audição Eletrofisiologia Potenciais evocados auditivos Criança Perda auditiva Testes auditivos Hearing Electrophysiology Evoked potentials, auditory Child Hearing loss Hearing tests CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::FONOAUDIOLOGIA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Hearing Electrophysiology Evoked potentials, auditory Child Hearing loss Hearing tests |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::FONOAUDIOLOGIA |
description |
The present research described reference values for the electrophysiological thresholds of the frequency specific Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) with the NB CE-Chirp® LS and NB iChirp stimuli in hearing infants and compared the minimum level of responses, latency and amplitude of both stimuli (Article 1). Also, it sought to analyze the correlation between the electrophysiological thresholds, with the same stimuli, and the behavioral ones of children with hearing loss (Article 2). The time of testing for both stimuli were compared. 74 hearing infants and 21 hearing impaired children participated in this study. The frequencies investigated were 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz, by air conduction with the NB CE-Chirp® LS stimulus in the Eclipse equipment, and with the NB iChirp in the SmartEP. The hearing impaired children were also submitted to behavioral auditory assessment. The electrophysiological thresholds for the hearing infants were obtained in the same session, in natural sleep, and in most participants, unilaterally. As for the hearing impaired children, the research was performed in both ears, in half of the sample at 500Hz and 2000Hz and at 1000Hz and 4000hz in the rest, this choice was made by draw. For both groups, the minimum levels of response were researched, i.e. the lower intensity at which the wave V was visualized, and the time of testing was clocked. All exams were evaluated by judges with experience in ABR, after being tabulated and statistically analyzed. In regard to the thresholds of hearing infants, the minimum levels of response and the latency at 500Hz and 1000Hz showed a statistically significant difference between the stimuli, with lower thresholds and higher latencies for the NB iChirp. Higher amplitudes were obtained with the NB iChirp stimulus. The average time of testing for the threshold investigation at the four frequencies was 40 minutes for each ear. For children with hearing loss, there was a strong correlation between the two stimuli and also between electrophysiological and behavioral thresholds at the frequencies of 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz. The mean differences between the electrophysiological and behavioral thresholds were below 6dBnHL and the time of testing was similar between the equipment. From these data, the study made it possible to estimate reference values for the electrophysiological thresholds with the NB CE-Chirp® LS and NB iChirp for hearing infants and found that with the NB iChirp the latency of responses is influenced by frequency and that this stimulus provides better amplitudes when compared to the NB CE-Chirp® LS. Additionally, it was possible to evidence that the NB CE-Chirp® LS and the NB iChirp similarly measure the electrophysiological thresholds of children with hearing loss and accurately estimate the behavioral auditory thresholds of this population. There was no difference in the time of testing between the stimuli for both normal-hearing infants and hearing impaired children. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2022-07-27T16:35:43Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2022-07-27T16:35:43Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2022-03-23 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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doctoralThesis |
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dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/25665 |
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http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/25665 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
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400700000003 |
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600 600 600 600 600 600 600 |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências da Saúde |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFSM |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Fonoaudiologia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências da Saúde |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
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