Variação de alguns elementos micrometeorológicos no dossel de plantas de batata
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Publication Date: | 2005 |
Format: | Master thesis |
Language: | por |
Source: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
Download full: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5136 |
Summary: | Potato (Solanum tuberosum) crop has many cultivation problems such as pests and the diseases, that settle down in the plants if the environmental donditions are favorable. The more important meteorological elements for infection caused by patógenos are temperature and air humidity. The variation of some micrometeorological elements (the transmitance to the global solar radiation, temperature and air humidity) of a potato canopy, Macaca cv was determined. Two experiments were carried out, the first in the spring, from 15/10 to 05/12/2003, in the county of Silveira Martins, RS and the second in the autumn, from 27/03 to 08/06/2004, in the experimental area of the Crop Production Department of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS. A tower with five heights of continuous psicrometric measurements was installed for the temperature and air humidity measurements with three replications installed at middle canopy and at 1,0m above the soil. Each psicrometric couple consisted of two thermometers of electric resistance of platinum (Pt-100), installed inside of a micro-shelter. The incident solar radiation below of canopy was also measured, with a solarimeter tube, and in 2004, the radiation balance above the canopy, using two replications. The sensors were plugged to a datalogger, being continually stored the averages of periods of 10 minutes. The hourly values of the wind speed was measured at 2,0m above the soil, precipitation and flux density of the incoming solar radiation were determined using an automatic weather station. Phenometric evaluations consisted of the determinations of the leaf area index and height of the plants. The transmitance can be described by a negative exponential as a function of leaf area index and days after the transplant, and the transmitance tends to be larger in periods with precipitation. The largest values of daily maximum temperature generally happened in the middle or at the top of the canopy and the smallest values happened above 1,0m height, except for the days with North wind, when thermal profiles tend to invert. In the period of highest air heating during the day and in the moment of the maximum temperature, the more accentuated gradients of the air temperature occurred during clear days and with low wind speed. The daily minimum temperatures on the average were larger at about 0,5m above the canopy and smaller in the middle canopy, except under conditions of cloudy sky, with or without rain. The air temperature and the dew point air temperature, as well as its gradients, were larger during daytime than during nighttime. The daily maximum and minimum values of the relative air humidity and the dew point temperature of the air decreased gradually from near the soil surface, inside of the canopy to about 2,0m of height, with the smaller vertical gradient in days of calm winds, with cloudy sky and in the rain periods. Strong and moderate winds had little effect in the attenuation of the gradient of the air temperature during the day, although they significantly attenuated the gradient of the dew point temperature of the air during the cooling period of night, including in the hour of the minimum temperature. |
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2017-05-092017-05-092005-02-28TAZZO, Ivonete Fátima. Variation of some micrometeorological elements in a potato canopy. 2005. 87 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2005.http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5136Potato (Solanum tuberosum) crop has many cultivation problems such as pests and the diseases, that settle down in the plants if the environmental donditions are favorable. The more important meteorological elements for infection caused by patógenos are temperature and air humidity. The variation of some micrometeorological elements (the transmitance to the global solar radiation, temperature and air humidity) of a potato canopy, Macaca cv was determined. Two experiments were carried out, the first in the spring, from 15/10 to 05/12/2003, in the county of Silveira Martins, RS and the second in the autumn, from 27/03 to 08/06/2004, in the experimental area of the Crop Production Department of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS. A tower with five heights of continuous psicrometric measurements was installed for the temperature and air humidity measurements with three replications installed at middle canopy and at 1,0m above the soil. Each psicrometric couple consisted of two thermometers of electric resistance of platinum (Pt-100), installed inside of a micro-shelter. The incident solar radiation below of canopy was also measured, with a solarimeter tube, and in 2004, the radiation balance above the canopy, using two replications. The sensors were plugged to a datalogger, being continually stored the averages of periods of 10 minutes. The hourly values of the wind speed was measured at 2,0m above the soil, precipitation and flux density of the incoming solar radiation were determined using an automatic weather station. Phenometric evaluations consisted of the determinations of the leaf area index and height of the plants. The transmitance can be described by a negative exponential as a function of leaf area index and days after the transplant, and the transmitance tends to be larger in periods with precipitation. The largest values of daily maximum temperature generally happened in the middle or at the top of the canopy and the smallest values happened above 1,0m height, except for the days with North wind, when thermal profiles tend to invert. In the period of highest air heating during the day and in the moment of the maximum temperature, the more accentuated gradients of the air temperature occurred during clear days and with low wind speed. The daily minimum temperatures on the average were larger at about 0,5m above the canopy and smaller in the middle canopy, except under conditions of cloudy sky, with or without rain. The air temperature and the dew point air temperature, as well as its gradients, were larger during daytime than during nighttime. The daily maximum and minimum values of the relative air humidity and the dew point temperature of the air decreased gradually from near the soil surface, inside of the canopy to about 2,0m of height, with the smaller vertical gradient in days of calm winds, with cloudy sky and in the rain periods. Strong and moderate winds had little effect in the attenuation of the gradient of the air temperature during the day, although they significantly attenuated the gradient of the dew point temperature of the air during the cooling period of night, including in the hour of the minimum temperature.A cultura da batata (Solanum tuberosum) apresenta muitos problemas de cultivo como as pragas e as doenças, que se estabelecem nas plantas se as condições ambientais forem favoráveis. Os elementos meteorológicos mais importantes que condicionam a infecção causada por patógenos são a temperatura e a umidade do ar. Com o objetivo de determinar a variação de alguns elementos micrometeorológicos (radiação solar transmitida, temperatura e umidade do ar) no dossel de plantas de batata, foram realizados dois experimentos, com a cultivar Macaca, um na primavera em uma propriedade rural, localizada no município de Silveira Martins, RS, de 15/10 a 05/12/2003, e um segundo no outono na área experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, de 27/03 a 08/06/2004. Para as determinações de temperatura e umidade do ar foi instalada uma torre com cinco níveis de medições psicrométricas contínuas e três repetições com dois pares psicrométricos instalados a meia altura das plantas e a 1,0 m de altura. Cada par psicrométrico constou de dois termômetros de resistência elétrica de platina (Pt-100), instalados no interior de um mini-abrigo. Mediu-se também a radiação solar transmitida pelo dossel de plantas, com um tubosolarímetro, e em 2004, o saldo de radiação acima do dossel, em duas repetições. Todos esses sensores foram ligados a um datalogger, armazenando-se continuamente as médias de períodos de 10 minutos. Em uma estação automática mediram-se os valores horários da velocidade do vento a 2,0 m de altura, precipitação pluviométrica e densidade de fluxo da radiação solar incidente. As avaliações fenométricas consistiram nas determinações do índice de área foliar e estatura das plantas. Verificou-se que a radiação solar transmitida pode ser descrita por uma função exponencial negativa com o índice de área foliar e com os dias após o transplante, e a mesma tende a ser maior em períodos com precipitação. Os maiores valores de temperatura máxima diária geralmente ocorreram no meio ou no topo do dossel, e os menores valores ocorreram acima de 1,0 m de altura, com exceção dos dias com vento Norte , em que os perfis térmicos tendem a se inverter. No período de maior aquecimento no dia e no momento da temperatura máxima, os gradientes de temperatura do ar mais acentuadas ocorreram em dias límpidos e com baixa velocidade do vento. As temperaturas mínimas diárias em média são maiores a cerca de 0,5 m acima do dossel e menores em meio ao dossel, exceto sob condições de céu encoberto, com ou sem chuva. A temperatura e a temperatura do ponto de orvalho do ar, bem como seus gradientes foram maiores no período diurno do que no período noturno. Os valores diários máximos e mínimos de umidade relativa e de temperatura do ponto de orvalho do ar decrescem gradativamente desde próximo a superfície do solo, dentro do dossel até cerca de 2,0 m de altura, sendo o gradiente vertical menor em dias de ventos calmos, com céu nublado e nos períodos de chuva. Ventos fortes a moderados tem pouco efeito na atenuação do gradiente da temperatura do ar durante o dia, porém atenuaram significativamente o gradiente da temperatura do ponto de orvalho do ar durante o período de resfriamento noturno, inclusive na hora da temperatura mínima.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em AgronomiaUFSMBRAgronomiaSolanum tuberosumRadiação solar transmitidaPerfis térmicosSolanum tuberosumTransmitted solar radiationTermical gradientsCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIAVariação de alguns elementos micrometeorológicos no dossel de plantas de batataVariation of some micrometeorological elements in a potato canopyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisHeldwein, Arno Bernardohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788078U3Dalmago, Genei Antoniohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4795371Y6Streck, Nereu Augustohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4721150P1http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4765581Z8Tazzo, Ivonete Fátima5001000000094005005005005002075a668-626c-446c-8b01-37ca432bd67f259886fe-c206-4a43-8194-82053611ca0c32889f36-989d-4242-b900-ea3ce3048822e7fbf979-ecd4-4c38-a4cc-7054ef10c03finfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMORIGINALTazzo.pdfapplication/pdf871820http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/5136/1/Tazzo.pdff4018fe959566082a07c0648af5f0fc7MD511/51362017-07-25 11:12:50.652oai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/5136Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2017-07-25T14:12:50Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Variação de alguns elementos micrometeorológicos no dossel de plantas de batata |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Variation of some micrometeorological elements in a potato canopy |
title |
Variação de alguns elementos micrometeorológicos no dossel de plantas de batata |
spellingShingle |
Variação de alguns elementos micrometeorológicos no dossel de plantas de batata Tazzo, Ivonete Fátima Solanum tuberosum Radiação solar transmitida Perfis térmicos Solanum tuberosum Transmitted solar radiation Termical gradients CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
title_short |
Variação de alguns elementos micrometeorológicos no dossel de plantas de batata |
title_full |
Variação de alguns elementos micrometeorológicos no dossel de plantas de batata |
title_fullStr |
Variação de alguns elementos micrometeorológicos no dossel de plantas de batata |
title_full_unstemmed |
Variação de alguns elementos micrometeorológicos no dossel de plantas de batata |
title_sort |
Variação de alguns elementos micrometeorológicos no dossel de plantas de batata |
author |
Tazzo, Ivonete Fátima |
author_facet |
Tazzo, Ivonete Fátima |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Heldwein, Arno Bernardo |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788078U3 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Dalmago, Genei Antonio |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4795371Y6 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Streck, Nereu Augusto |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4721150P1 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4765581Z8 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Tazzo, Ivonete Fátima |
contributor_str_mv |
Heldwein, Arno Bernardo Dalmago, Genei Antonio Streck, Nereu Augusto |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Solanum tuberosum Radiação solar transmitida Perfis térmicos |
topic |
Solanum tuberosum Radiação solar transmitida Perfis térmicos Solanum tuberosum Transmitted solar radiation Termical gradients CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Solanum tuberosum Transmitted solar radiation Termical gradients |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
description |
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) crop has many cultivation problems such as pests and the diseases, that settle down in the plants if the environmental donditions are favorable. The more important meteorological elements for infection caused by patógenos are temperature and air humidity. The variation of some micrometeorological elements (the transmitance to the global solar radiation, temperature and air humidity) of a potato canopy, Macaca cv was determined. Two experiments were carried out, the first in the spring, from 15/10 to 05/12/2003, in the county of Silveira Martins, RS and the second in the autumn, from 27/03 to 08/06/2004, in the experimental area of the Crop Production Department of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS. A tower with five heights of continuous psicrometric measurements was installed for the temperature and air humidity measurements with three replications installed at middle canopy and at 1,0m above the soil. Each psicrometric couple consisted of two thermometers of electric resistance of platinum (Pt-100), installed inside of a micro-shelter. The incident solar radiation below of canopy was also measured, with a solarimeter tube, and in 2004, the radiation balance above the canopy, using two replications. The sensors were plugged to a datalogger, being continually stored the averages of periods of 10 minutes. The hourly values of the wind speed was measured at 2,0m above the soil, precipitation and flux density of the incoming solar radiation were determined using an automatic weather station. Phenometric evaluations consisted of the determinations of the leaf area index and height of the plants. The transmitance can be described by a negative exponential as a function of leaf area index and days after the transplant, and the transmitance tends to be larger in periods with precipitation. The largest values of daily maximum temperature generally happened in the middle or at the top of the canopy and the smallest values happened above 1,0m height, except for the days with North wind, when thermal profiles tend to invert. In the period of highest air heating during the day and in the moment of the maximum temperature, the more accentuated gradients of the air temperature occurred during clear days and with low wind speed. The daily minimum temperatures on the average were larger at about 0,5m above the canopy and smaller in the middle canopy, except under conditions of cloudy sky, with or without rain. The air temperature and the dew point air temperature, as well as its gradients, were larger during daytime than during nighttime. The daily maximum and minimum values of the relative air humidity and the dew point temperature of the air decreased gradually from near the soil surface, inside of the canopy to about 2,0m of height, with the smaller vertical gradient in days of calm winds, with cloudy sky and in the rain periods. Strong and moderate winds had little effect in the attenuation of the gradient of the air temperature during the day, although they significantly attenuated the gradient of the dew point temperature of the air during the cooling period of night, including in the hour of the minimum temperature. |
publishDate |
2005 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2005-02-28 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2017-05-09 |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2017-05-09 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
TAZZO, Ivonete Fátima. Variation of some micrometeorological elements in a potato canopy. 2005. 87 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2005. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5136 |
identifier_str_mv |
TAZZO, Ivonete Fátima. Variation of some micrometeorological elements in a potato canopy. 2005. 87 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2005. |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5136 |
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por |
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por |
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500100000009 |
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UFSM |
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BR |
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Agronomia |
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria |
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