Influência da estrutura da paisagem na exposição de primatas de vida livre a agentes patogênicos no Sul do Brasil
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/27614 |
Resumo: | The decline of forest ecosystems resulting from the loss and fragmentation of forest remnants is the primary reason for jeopardizing the survival of populations of wild species that depend on these environments, generating scarcity of resources, social isolation, and reduced gene flow. In addition, changes in the structure of wild habitats can provide new dynamics in the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms, expanding opportunities for exposure to various agents. In order to investigate different pathogens to which free-living primates in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS) in southern Brazil may be exposed and evaluate the relationships with the structure of the landscapes in which primates are inserted, we performed a serological survey to search for antibodies against the protozoa Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Trypanosoma cruzi, in addition to the bacteria Brucella abortus and Leptospira spp. The samples were submitted to the serological tests of acidified antigen test (AAT), indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA-IgM/IgG), indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT-IgG), and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) according to the agent investigated. In addition, forest remnants were characterized in which primates were sampled in a multiscale approach in radii ranging from 200 to 1400 m using Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to investigate the potential relationship of previous exposure to agents with the elements that make up the landscape structure. In this sense, 105 blood serum samples from free-living primates were used: Alouatta caraya (63), Alouatta guariba clamitans (39), and Sapajus nigritus cucullatus (3), which were obtained between 2002 and 2016 in 48 different forest fragments. The results observed included: in the IFAT-IgG, 13% (14/105) of the samples were seropositive for N. caninum, 5% (5/105) for T. gondii, and 6% (6/105) for Sarcocystis spp. In IHA-IgM/IgG, 25% (26/105) were seropositive for T. gondii and 51% (49/96) for T. cruzi. The MAT for Leptospira spp. indicated the presence of antibodies to at least one of the 23 serogroups/serovars of the agent in 37% (37/101) of the analyzed samples. The most frequently observed serovars were: Panama (17.8%), Ballum (6%), Butembo (6%), Canicola (6%), Hardjo (5%), and Tarassovi (4%). No positive samples were observed for L. infantum and B. abortus. The metrics that best explained exposure to N. caninum, T. gondii, and Sarcocystis spp. were edges and patches density, forest cover, urban cover, and average Euclidean distance to the nearest fragment. Decreased forest cover and edge density were the landscape factors that were significantly related to exposure to Leptospira spp. A statistical association with exposure to the protozoan T. cruzi was observed in A. caraya in the Pampa biome, although no landscape metrics were related to exposure to the agent. Thus, it is possible to infer that the free-living primates in RS, A. caraya, A. g. clamitans, and S.n. cucullatus were exposed to N. caninum, T. gondii, Sarcocystis spp., Leptospira spp., and T. cruzi in the forest remnants studied. In addition, it was possible to identify that some attributes of the landscape, such as reduced forest cover, increased density of edges, and increased urban cover, are related to exposure to agents detected in the study. Thus, the results of this study open possibilities for applying the same approach to investigate shareable pathogens in habitats altered by human presence. Therefore, it contributes to management actions and establishing public policies to protect native primate species outside protected areas, which are territories in constant conflict with domestic species and anthropogenic activities. |
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2023-01-17T14:10:58Z2023-01-17T14:10:58Z2022-12-16http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/27614The decline of forest ecosystems resulting from the loss and fragmentation of forest remnants is the primary reason for jeopardizing the survival of populations of wild species that depend on these environments, generating scarcity of resources, social isolation, and reduced gene flow. In addition, changes in the structure of wild habitats can provide new dynamics in the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms, expanding opportunities for exposure to various agents. In order to investigate different pathogens to which free-living primates in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS) in southern Brazil may be exposed and evaluate the relationships with the structure of the landscapes in which primates are inserted, we performed a serological survey to search for antibodies against the protozoa Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Trypanosoma cruzi, in addition to the bacteria Brucella abortus and Leptospira spp. The samples were submitted to the serological tests of acidified antigen test (AAT), indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA-IgM/IgG), indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT-IgG), and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) according to the agent investigated. In addition, forest remnants were characterized in which primates were sampled in a multiscale approach in radii ranging from 200 to 1400 m using Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to investigate the potential relationship of previous exposure to agents with the elements that make up the landscape structure. In this sense, 105 blood serum samples from free-living primates were used: Alouatta caraya (63), Alouatta guariba clamitans (39), and Sapajus nigritus cucullatus (3), which were obtained between 2002 and 2016 in 48 different forest fragments. The results observed included: in the IFAT-IgG, 13% (14/105) of the samples were seropositive for N. caninum, 5% (5/105) for T. gondii, and 6% (6/105) for Sarcocystis spp. In IHA-IgM/IgG, 25% (26/105) were seropositive for T. gondii and 51% (49/96) for T. cruzi. The MAT for Leptospira spp. indicated the presence of antibodies to at least one of the 23 serogroups/serovars of the agent in 37% (37/101) of the analyzed samples. The most frequently observed serovars were: Panama (17.8%), Ballum (6%), Butembo (6%), Canicola (6%), Hardjo (5%), and Tarassovi (4%). No positive samples were observed for L. infantum and B. abortus. The metrics that best explained exposure to N. caninum, T. gondii, and Sarcocystis spp. were edges and patches density, forest cover, urban cover, and average Euclidean distance to the nearest fragment. Decreased forest cover and edge density were the landscape factors that were significantly related to exposure to Leptospira spp. A statistical association with exposure to the protozoan T. cruzi was observed in A. caraya in the Pampa biome, although no landscape metrics were related to exposure to the agent. Thus, it is possible to infer that the free-living primates in RS, A. caraya, A. g. clamitans, and S.n. cucullatus were exposed to N. caninum, T. gondii, Sarcocystis spp., Leptospira spp., and T. cruzi in the forest remnants studied. In addition, it was possible to identify that some attributes of the landscape, such as reduced forest cover, increased density of edges, and increased urban cover, are related to exposure to agents detected in the study. Thus, the results of this study open possibilities for applying the same approach to investigate shareable pathogens in habitats altered by human presence. Therefore, it contributes to management actions and establishing public policies to protect native primate species outside protected areas, which are territories in constant conflict with domestic species and anthropogenic activities.O declínio dos ecossistemas florestais decorrentes da perda e fragmentação dos remanescentes de mata apresenta-se como a grande razão que põe em risco a sobrevivência das populações de espécies silvestres que dependem desses ambientes, gerando escassez de recursos, isolamento social e diminuição do fluxo gênico. Além disso, as alterações na estrutura dos habitats silvestres podem proporcionar novas dinâmicas na transmissão de microrganismos patogênicos, ampliando as oportunidades de exposição aos mais diversos agentes. Com o objetivo de investigar diferentes patógenos aos quais os primatas de vida livre no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, podem estar expostos, bem como avaliar as relações com a estrutura das paisagens nas quais os primatas estão inseridos, foi realizado um inquérito sorológico para pesquisa de anticorpos contra os protozorários Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis spp., Toxoplasma gondii e Trypanosoma cruzi, além das bactérias Brucella abortus e Leptospira spp. As amostras foram submetidas às provas sorológicas de Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado (AAT), Hemaglutinação Indireta (HAI-IgM/IgG), Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI-IgG) e Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), de acordo com o agente pesquisado. Além disso, foram caracterizados os remanescentes florestais onde os primatas foram amostrados em uma abordagem multiescala em raios que variam de 200 a 1400 m através do uso de Modelos Lineares Generalizados (GLM) para investigar a relação potencial da exposição prévia aos agentes com os elementos que compõem a estrutura da paisagem. Nesse sentido, foram utilizadas 105 amostras de soro sanguíneo de primatas de vida livre, sendo: Alouatta caraya (63), Alouatta guariba clamitans (39) e Sapajus nigritus cucullatus (3), obtidas entre os anos 2002 e 2016 em 48 fragmentos florestais. Os resultados observados foram: na RIFI-IgG, 13% (14/105) das amostras foram soropositivas para N. caninum, 5% (5/105) para T. gondii e 6% (6/105) para Sarcocystis spp. Na HAI-IgM/IgG, 25% (26/105) foram soropositivas para T. gondii e 51% (49/96) para T. cruzi. A SAM para Leptospira spp. indicou a presença de anticorpos para pelo menos um dos 23 sorogrupos/sorovares do agente em 37% (37/101) das amostras analisadas. Os sorovares observados com maior frequência foram: Panama (18%), Ballum (6%), Butembo (6%), Canicola (6%), Hardjo (5%) e Tarassovi (4%). Não foram observadas amostras positivas para L. infantum e B. abortus. As métricas que melhor explicaram a exposição a N. caninum, T. gondii e Sarcocystis spp. foram densidade de bordas e manchas, cobertura florestal, cobertura urbana e distância euclidiana média até o fragmento mais próximo. A diminuição da cobertura florestal e a densidade de bordas foram os fatores da paisagem que tiveram relação significativa com a exposição a Leptospira spp. Houve relação significativa quanto a exposição ao protozoário T. cruzi para A. caraya, porém nenhuma métrica de paisagem esteve relacionada à exposição ao agente. Deste modo, é possível inferir, que os primatas de vida livre no RS, A. caraya, A. g. clamitans e S. n. cucullatus, foram expostos a N. caninum, T. gondii, Sarcocystis spp., Leptospira spp. e T. cruzi nos remanescentes florestais estudados. Além disso, foi possível identificar que alguns atributos da paisagem como redução da cobertura florestal, aumento da densidade de bordas e aumento da cobertura urbana estão relacionados à exposição aos agentes detectados na pesquisa. Desta forma, os resultados desta pesquisa abrem possibilidades de aplicação da mesma abordagem para investigar patógenos compartilháveis em habitats alterados pela presença humana. E, sendo assim, contribui para ações de manejo e estabelecimento de políticas públicas para a proteção das espécies de primatas nativas fora de áreas protegidas, territórios em constante conflito com espécies domésticas e atividades antropogênicas.porUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaCentro de Ciências RuraisPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Medicina VeterináriaUFSMBrasilMedicina VeterináriaAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessFragmentaçãoAlouattaSapajusTrypanosomatidaeSarcocystidaeLeptospiraFragmentaçãoCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIAInfluência da estrutura da paisagem na exposição de primatas de vida livre a agentes patogênicos no Sul do BrasilInfluence of landscape structure on exposure of free-living primates to pathogens in Southern Brazilinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisBotton, Sônia de Avilahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0814772095155945Reck Júnior, JoséMarques, Júlio César BiccaJardim, Márcia Maria de AssisFortes, Vanessa Barbisanhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0457614800278015Santos, Elisandro Oliveira dos5005000000076006006006006006006004278f4f9-0866-450b-a20c-a7fcfa646000f300f63e-2c0c-4667-9f3e-cfc4b784685ac84b9842-1168-449f-8d59-02136072324eee2076ea-d27a-41c6-8033-46ae9f16b8dbd04fdec3-eaa2-4b93-a4dd-42d1c8f39f53de2dbbd1-403c-4bc3-a2ff-bfc72401d5d9reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Influência da estrutura da paisagem na exposição de primatas de vida livre a agentes patogênicos no Sul do Brasil |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Influence of landscape structure on exposure of free-living primates to pathogens in Southern Brazil |
title |
Influência da estrutura da paisagem na exposição de primatas de vida livre a agentes patogênicos no Sul do Brasil |
spellingShingle |
Influência da estrutura da paisagem na exposição de primatas de vida livre a agentes patogênicos no Sul do Brasil Santos, Elisandro Oliveira dos Fragmentação Alouatta Sapajus Trypanosomatidae Sarcocystidae Leptospira Fragmentação CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA |
title_short |
Influência da estrutura da paisagem na exposição de primatas de vida livre a agentes patogênicos no Sul do Brasil |
title_full |
Influência da estrutura da paisagem na exposição de primatas de vida livre a agentes patogênicos no Sul do Brasil |
title_fullStr |
Influência da estrutura da paisagem na exposição de primatas de vida livre a agentes patogênicos no Sul do Brasil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influência da estrutura da paisagem na exposição de primatas de vida livre a agentes patogênicos no Sul do Brasil |
title_sort |
Influência da estrutura da paisagem na exposição de primatas de vida livre a agentes patogênicos no Sul do Brasil |
author |
Santos, Elisandro Oliveira dos |
author_facet |
Santos, Elisandro Oliveira dos |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Botton, Sônia de Avila |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0814772095155945 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Reck Júnior, José |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Marques, Júlio César Bicca |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Jardim, Márcia Maria de Assis |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Fortes, Vanessa Barbisan |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0457614800278015 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Santos, Elisandro Oliveira dos |
contributor_str_mv |
Botton, Sônia de Avila Reck Júnior, José Marques, Júlio César Bicca Jardim, Márcia Maria de Assis Fortes, Vanessa Barbisan |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Fragmentação Alouatta Sapajus Trypanosomatidae Sarcocystidae Leptospira Fragmentação |
topic |
Fragmentação Alouatta Sapajus Trypanosomatidae Sarcocystidae Leptospira Fragmentação CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA |
description |
The decline of forest ecosystems resulting from the loss and fragmentation of forest remnants is the primary reason for jeopardizing the survival of populations of wild species that depend on these environments, generating scarcity of resources, social isolation, and reduced gene flow. In addition, changes in the structure of wild habitats can provide new dynamics in the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms, expanding opportunities for exposure to various agents. In order to investigate different pathogens to which free-living primates in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS) in southern Brazil may be exposed and evaluate the relationships with the structure of the landscapes in which primates are inserted, we performed a serological survey to search for antibodies against the protozoa Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Trypanosoma cruzi, in addition to the bacteria Brucella abortus and Leptospira spp. The samples were submitted to the serological tests of acidified antigen test (AAT), indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA-IgM/IgG), indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT-IgG), and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) according to the agent investigated. In addition, forest remnants were characterized in which primates were sampled in a multiscale approach in radii ranging from 200 to 1400 m using Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to investigate the potential relationship of previous exposure to agents with the elements that make up the landscape structure. In this sense, 105 blood serum samples from free-living primates were used: Alouatta caraya (63), Alouatta guariba clamitans (39), and Sapajus nigritus cucullatus (3), which were obtained between 2002 and 2016 in 48 different forest fragments. The results observed included: in the IFAT-IgG, 13% (14/105) of the samples were seropositive for N. caninum, 5% (5/105) for T. gondii, and 6% (6/105) for Sarcocystis spp. In IHA-IgM/IgG, 25% (26/105) were seropositive for T. gondii and 51% (49/96) for T. cruzi. The MAT for Leptospira spp. indicated the presence of antibodies to at least one of the 23 serogroups/serovars of the agent in 37% (37/101) of the analyzed samples. The most frequently observed serovars were: Panama (17.8%), Ballum (6%), Butembo (6%), Canicola (6%), Hardjo (5%), and Tarassovi (4%). No positive samples were observed for L. infantum and B. abortus. The metrics that best explained exposure to N. caninum, T. gondii, and Sarcocystis spp. were edges and patches density, forest cover, urban cover, and average Euclidean distance to the nearest fragment. Decreased forest cover and edge density were the landscape factors that were significantly related to exposure to Leptospira spp. A statistical association with exposure to the protozoan T. cruzi was observed in A. caraya in the Pampa biome, although no landscape metrics were related to exposure to the agent. Thus, it is possible to infer that the free-living primates in RS, A. caraya, A. g. clamitans, and S.n. cucullatus were exposed to N. caninum, T. gondii, Sarcocystis spp., Leptospira spp., and T. cruzi in the forest remnants studied. In addition, it was possible to identify that some attributes of the landscape, such as reduced forest cover, increased density of edges, and increased urban cover, are related to exposure to agents detected in the study. Thus, the results of this study open possibilities for applying the same approach to investigate shareable pathogens in habitats altered by human presence. Therefore, it contributes to management actions and establishing public policies to protect native primate species outside protected areas, which are territories in constant conflict with domestic species and anthropogenic activities. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2022-12-16 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2023-01-17T14:10:58Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2023-01-17T14:10:58Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/27614 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/27614 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
500500000007 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 600 600 600 600 600 600 |
dc.relation.authority.fl_str_mv |
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eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Rurais |
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFSM |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Medicina Veterinária |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Rurais |
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
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UFSM |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
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atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
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