Desempenho operacional de um conjunto trator-semeadora em função da velocidade e rotação no eixo do motor

• Autor(a) principal: Silveira, João Cleber Modernel da
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/635
• topic: Consumo de combustível; Consumo específico; Capacidade operacional teórica; Qualidade da semeadura; Fuel consumption; Specific consumption; Theoretical operational capacity; Seeding quality; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA::MAQUINAS E IMPLEMENTOS AGRICOLAS

Knowing the costs of work carried out by implements and tractors is crucial for farmers, who will be able, besides comparing prices of different operations, to compose production costs. In this context, choosing the correct speed will depend on engine rotation and the gear to be used, as well as compatibility with land type and towed implement. The objective of this work was to optimize the operational performance of tractor-seeder-fertilizer in a no till system under different travel speeds at gear scaling and engine axis rotations of corn seeder. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with four repetitions. The variables related to soil physical characterization were assessed in the blocks and the others in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with 12 treatments, consisted of four travel speeds at the gear scaling and three rotations of the seeder engine, totaling 48 experimental units. Before installing the experiment, the following characteristics were evaluated: biomass of vegetation cover, soil penetration resistance, physical characterization of experimental area by granulometric analysis, water content in the soil and soil specific mass. During sowing, operation speed of the tractor-seeder- fertilizer, motor rotation, load on the traction bar, driven wheel slip of tractor and seeder and fuel consumption per hour were monitored. After sowing, it was evaluated the furrow depth for fertilizer and seed, area of mobilized soil, longitudinal distribution of seed in seed bed, emergence speed index, average time of emergence and the costs of consumption of fuel (diesel) per hour and per area worked. The results showed that considering the operational parameters of the tractor-seeder combination, furrow depth was influenced by the increase in operation speed, the area of mobilized soil increased in 41% with higher operation speed, and the driven wheel slip of tractor was below standards established by the norm. Average power demands on the traction bar, per seeding row and per area of mobilized soil, decreased with the increase in speed, and the average traction power per furrow depth increased with increase in operation speed. The increase in operation speed of the tractor-seeder combination allowed the theoretical operational capacity to increase by 120.23%, when it changed from 3.5 to 7.0 km h-1. The average power demand in the bar, per seeding row and per area of mobilized soil, increased with increase in operation speed of the tractor- seeder combination. Fuel consumption per hour increased with the increase in the operation speed and engine rotation, being lowest at 1.500 rpm. The lowest specific fuel consumption was obtained in the highest operation speed and the lowest engine rotation. Fuel consumption per worked area decreased with the increase in speed operation and operational capacity. The increase of speed operation from 3.5 to 7.0 km h-1 gave the lowest fuel consumption per area of mobilized soil. There was low energy consumption during seeding operation at the highest operation speed (7.0 km -1). Regarding seeding quality, the increase in operation speed affected all quality variables. Engine rotation at 1.500 rpm provided the smallest cost with fuel per hour (R$ h-1), for all travel speeds. Within economic and qualitative aspects of corn seeding operations, it is possible to choose lower travel speeds as a function of gear scaling and lower engine rotations, pointing out that speeds from 3.5 to 5.0 km h-1, at 1.500 rpm rotation, provided the best results and are considered ideal for corn seeding.