Influência das velocidades de ganho de peso e comprimento nos primeiros seis meses de vida no estado nutricional, composição corporal e perfil lipídico de crianças de 4 a 7 anos de idade

• Autor(a) principal: Vieira, Sarah Aparecida
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2781
• topic: Criança; Velocidade de ganho de peso; Velocidade de ganho de comprimento; Child; Speed of weight gain; Length gain speed; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO

The early life is a period characterized by rapid growth, with several factors that can influence the rates of weight gain and length of this phase. There is evidence in the literature that growth accelerated in the first months of life may be a potential risk factor for the development of obesity, excess body fat, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease throughout life. However, the results are controversial as to this association. The objective was to evaluate the velocity of weight gain and length to six months and its influence on nutritional status, body composition and lipid profile in children aged between 4 and 7 years served by the Lactation Support Program (PROLAC) in Viçosa, Minas Gerais.Trata is an observational epidemiological retrospective cohort study. Data were initially evaluated for the first six months of life of 371 children followed from August 2003 to November 2007 PROLAC in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Considering the losses by location and not those due to the exclusion criteria of the study, between the ages of 4-7 years were evaluated 257 children. Data collection was conducted in two phases, the first retrospective data collection by consulting the patient records of PROLAC where data were collected pregnancy, birth, weight gain and length during the first 4-6 months of life and sociodemographic . In the second stage, between the ages of 4 and 7 years, children were assessed for weight and height (obtaining Body Mass Index for Age - BMI / in z-score), waist circumference, body fat percentage and region android (DEXA), and lipid profile. Velocity were obtained weight gain (VWG) and a length (VLG) from infants from birth to 4-6 months, and evaluated in the VWG gram / day and VLG in cm / month. Analyses of simple and multiple linear regression for analyzing factors influencing the VWG and VLG for 4-6 months, and to evaluate the influence of the VWG and VLG 4-6 months on the nutritional status and body composition at 4 - 7 years. In analyzes of data from children belonging to the initial sample, we found that at 4-6 months of the variables that explained the variation in VGP were sex and practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) or predominant. The female children were less VWG at 4-6 months compared to males, and children who were not EBF or predominant VWG also had lower that age. Regarding the VLG, the variables that explained the variation in this parameter at 4-6 months were maternal marital status, maternal work, the number of pre-natal and birth length. Children of mothers not living with a partner had lower VLG compared with those who lived, children of mothers who worked outside the home were also less VLG. Children whose mothers had less than six prenatal consultations in VLG were less than those who had six or more appointments and children with higher birth length also had lower VLG 4-6 months. The final sample (n = 257) comprised 142 (55,2%) male children with a mean age of 71,50 (SD = 12,5) observed months. In assessing the nutritional status of children by anthropometric index BMI / considering the categories at risk for overweight, overweight, obesity and severe obesity, the prevalence of overweight was observed in 24,9% and the prevalence of underweight of 2,7% . In multiple linear regression analyzes, after adjustment for several confounding variables (pregnancy, birth, referring to the practice of breastfeeding, lifestyle, diet and demographic), it was found that increasing the VWG 4-6 months explained the occurrence of higher values of BMI / I, percentage of body fat, percentage of fat in the android and waist circumference at ages between 4 and 7 years. The VLG 4-6 months was associated with waist circumference, and the increase in higher values for VGC explained this outcome in ages. Regarding the lipid profile, considering how changing the values borderline and high, 75,1% (n = 193) of the children had altered levels of total cholesterol, 56,4% (n = 145) change in LDL, 33,9% (n = 87) decreased values of HDL, and 11,2% (n = 29) changed values of triglycerides. There was no statistically significant association between the rates of weight gain and length at 4-6 months and parameters of lipid profile evaluated at ages between 4 and 7 years. The results of this study show the multicausal nature of the determining the growth the first months of life. The association between increased velocity of weight gain and length during the first months of life and the occurrence of higher values of parameters of nutritional status and body composition in later ages, suggests that this criterion can be used to identify children at higher risk for changes in nutritional status and body composition throughout life.