Mamíferos em unidades de conservação na região do Cristalino, Mato Grosso – composição, estrutura e avaliação de impactos ambientais

• Autor(a) principal: Rocha, Ednaldo Cândido
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/542
• topic: Amazônia Meridional; Mastofauna; Ecoturismo; Southern Amazon; Mammalogy; Ecotourism; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::CONSERVACAO DA NATUREZA

This study was developed in the Private Reserves of Cristalino Natural Patrimony and Cristalino Plot (7209.4ha) and in Cristalino State Park. (184.900ha). These protected areas are contiguous and are located in the extreme north-central State of Mato Grosso, in areas considered priorities for conservation due to the high biodiversity and endemism and the high human pressure, as being in the "Amazon deforestation Arc.” Thus, this study focused to evaluate and compare the structure of populations of medium and large mammals in terms of wealth and abundance in environments without tourism and with ecotourism activities in Cristalino region. Moreover, we attempted to estimate the population of primates and other large and medium-sized nocturnal mammals as well as propose recommendations for conducting nocturnal distance samplings in linear transects. Therefore, in the period from May 2008 to February 2010, primary forest environments with two levels of anthropogenic disturbance were sampled: no tourism at all and ecotourism activities. Data were collected by using the distance samplings in linear transect, totalizing 468.3 kilometers traveled during daytime and nighttime, and the record of footprints in previously prepared plots (n = 660 surveyed plots), in addition to river corridors in Cristalino River and random searches in places with difficult access due to the lack of roads. Records of 38 species of sympatric mammals were obtained, which 34 were medium and large size and 4 small ones. There was no statistically significant difference concerning the abundance of species in the environments without tourism and with ecotourism, and the similarity of species among them was pretty high (94%). However, three taxa were less abundant in environments with tourism: Agouti Dasyprocta leporina (Linnaeus, 1766) deer Mazama spp. and 15-pound armadillo Dasypus kappleri Krauss, 1862. Seven primate sympatric species were recorded and five of them had their densities estimated. Capuchin monkey Cebus apella (Linnaeus, 1758) was the most abundant primate (density - D = 5.27 groups/km2; confidence interval - CI = 4.11 to 6.75), but there was no statistically significant difference between the estimated values of density groups for white-faced spider monkey -Ateles marginatus (É. Geoffroy, 1809) (groups/km2 D = 1.39, CI = 0.91 - 2.11), bearded saki Chiropotes albinasus (Geoffroy & Deville, 1848) (groups/km2 D = 1.03, CI = 0.62 to 1.72), tamarin Mico emiliae (Thomas, 1920) (groups/km2 D = 2.03, CI = 1.07 to 3 , 86) and dusky titi Callicebus moloch (Hoffmannsegg, 1807) (groups/km2 D = 1.47, CI = 0.77 to 2.78). A survey of nine species of medium and large nocturnal mammals were registered, of which three had their densities estimated: Kinkajou Potos flavus (Schreber, 1774) (D individuals/km2 = 7.08, CI = 3.99 - 12 57), Paca Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766) (D individuals/ km2 = 8.13, CI = 4.12 to 16.06) and brocket Mazama americana (Erxleben, 1777) (D = 4.43individuals / km2, CI = 2.39 to 8.22). Therefore, it can be observed that the negative impact of ecotourism activities developed in the study area presented a small magnitude, in terms of richness and abundance of medium and large mammals. Thus, ecotourism ventures are presented as important economic activity to be developed in areas with touristic potential in the Amazon. Moreover, the distance sampling in linear transects showed an applicable tool for estimating the population density of nocturnal mammals, as long as some special attention in the conduct of surveys is paid in order to meet the theoretical assumptions of the method.