Participação feminina e rendimento no mercado de trabalho: análises de decomposição para o Brasil e as regiões metropolitanas de Belo Horizonte e Salvador

• Autor(a) principal: Cirino, Jader Fernandes
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/111
• topic: Feminização do mercado de trabalho; Taxa de atividade das mulheres; Relação de gênero; Female participation in the workforce; Female activity rate; Relation of genre; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::ECONOMIA DOS RECURSOS HUMANOS::MERCADO DE TRABALHO; POLITICA DO GOVERNO

This work tried to determine the main characteristics of women who have contributed most to the increase in female labor force participation in the domestic labor market and the metropolitan regions of Belo Horizonte (RMBH) and Salvador (RMS) from 1986 to 2006, as well as current aspects of such participation and income in 2006. In order to do so, a uni-variate decomposition analysis of the Female Activity Rate (TAF) was initially carried out. Results for Brazil and the metropolitan regions were similar, being the schooling level the only variable able to explain the considerable increase in female participation in the workforce. Another important aspect was the increased participation of wives, who showed the highest TAF increase in the period. As for socioeconomic groups, overall, women who contributed most to the growth of global TAF in the tested markets were urban women, wives who have one child living at home, between 26 and 50 years of age, brown and with 9 to 11 of schooling years. The study of current aspects of female participation and income in the tested labor markets found that the main determinants of this participation estimated from a Probit model were per capita net household income, education, age, women's status at home, presence of young children and race, with regional variables also important for Brazil. With regard to women s earned income, the most important determinants, estimated from a sample selection model were education, age, race, position at occupation, sector of activity and type of occupation, being also significant for the domestic market, regional regressors and location of residence (urban or rural and metropolitan area). Estimates of all models in the study were calculated by the Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood Method to take into account characteristics of the PNAD sample plane, assuring reliability of variance measures and hypothesis tests related to these models. Complementing the study of the current scenario of women's insertion in the examined labor markets, the procedure Oaxaca-Blinder was carried out to decompose the different earned income between the sexes and between RMBH and RMS. In relation to this methodology, unlike most works, two aspects were considered in this study: the estimated standard errors of decomposition coefficients and solution of the uncertainty problem related to obtaining the portion of term unexplained because of the incorporation of dummy variables in the model. Regarding the results of this decomposition and the divergence in income between the sexes, it was found that, in spite of employed females have, on average, productive attributes higher than male workers, especially in terms of schoolling, they showed, on average, lower income per hour, confirming the existence of some discrimination against them. The regional decomposition showed greater income per hour in RMBH resulted from a greater economic concentration and agglomeration of this region compared with RMS.