Análise da aceitabilidade, consumo da alimentação escolar e estado nutricional de escolares no município de Viçosa, MG

• Autor(a) principal: Viana, Nataly Lopes
• Data de Publicação: 2007
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2806
• topic: Crianças; Preferências alimentares; Hábitos alimentares; Merenda escolar; Children; Food preferences; Food habits; Meals for school children; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO

Referring to the human direct to adequate feeding, it is essential to understand the term stable food and nutritional security , because to enjoy this direct by the human being, it is indispensable to find himself in a situation of food and nutritional security in a permanent way, respecting the environment and, mainly, in economic and social terms that may assured the access to a quality food. In this perspective, the National School Feeding Program Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) must be highlighted; due to the fact that constitutes a substantial kind of public politics in relation to the students feeding, promoting the access to food during the school period, prerequisite to a good cognitive accomplishment. The knowledge of the nutritional value of institutional school meal that is planned and consumed is indispensable, once aim to complete the feeding done at home by children and adolescents, under criterions pre-defined by PNAE, that at least 15% of nutritional requirements have been supplied by school meal, in relation to energy, protein, vitamins and minerals. The aim of this research was to analyze the acceptance, the consume of school meal and the nutritional status of scholars from Viçosa, MG. By the results, it was observed that the students were receiving a meal that the protein value was under the parameters of the PNAE. It was detected a necessity of reestablishing the menus/preparations to reach the adequation of micronutrients and the Acceptable Macronutrients Distribution Range (AMDR). It was identified a differentiation in adherence to the institutional school meal when the location were considered, it was larger among students from rural schools. About the acceptance, using the Acceptability Index - Índice de Aceitabilidade (IA), it was observed that the school meals served had good acceptance in general, but in all rural schools the IA was upper the minimum established. After assessing the school meal intake by students, it was observed that the established energy and protein values were target, and their median intake were upper to 15% established by the PNAE, showing a considerable concerned in attending the energy and protein goal. In relation to the AMDR, it was observed that the carbohydrates intake was upper the recommendation to 68,2% of the students; the protein intake showed inside the recommendation to 82,1% and about the lipids, its intake showed under the recommendation to 87,7% of the students. About the micronutrients offering in the school meal, it was observed that among the students with age until 8 years old, the calcium intake was under the reference value or 15% of Adequate Intake (AI) to 78,7%; the iron, vitamin A and vitamin C intake were under the reference value or 15% of Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) to 1,5%, 33,8% e 32,4% of students, respectively. Among students with age upper 8 years old, 93%, 2,3%, 41,9% e 60,5% of students had consumed, respectively, calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin C under the references values. Referring to the nutritional status characterization, it was observed that the majority of students were eutrophic (81%); 11,6% with low weigh; 2,6% with overweight risk; and, 4,7% with overweigh; it means that 7,3% of students were with weigh excess; and, considering the Stature per Age Indicator, 11,2% were with low stature. In relation to the students family socioeconomics characteristics, it was observed that the fact of receiving any kind of donation from the government was a positive factor to increase the family income, mainly among population that lives in rural areas, and the Bolsa Famíla was the benefit more related, because aim the integration of residual programs. Although, assessing the values of the per capita income, it was verified that 94,3% had values below half minimum salary, value that characterizes the poverty line. It was observed, in the end, that families were still large and the proportion of mothers with less than four years of study were more frequently in rural areas than in urban ones, implicating a considerable proportion of functional illiterate mothers. It was conclude, therefore, that exists the necessity of developing educative activities, considering the school one of the most significant social institutions in the conduction of activities that promote health and disease prevention, permitting the knowledge and the development of ability related to healthful feeding habits that must have been learned since the childhood.