Identificação de espécies vegetais componentes da própolis originária de três regiões de Minas Gerais e suas atividades biológicas

• Autor(a) principal: Teixeira, Erica Weinstein
• Data de Publicação: 2003
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/847
• topic: Apis mellifera; Própolis; Origem botânica; Composição; Atividades biológicas; Baccharis dracunculifolia; Myrsine umbellata; Apis mellifera; Propolis; Plant origin; Composition; Biological activity; Baccharis dracunculifolia; Myrsine umbellata; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::ENTOMOLOGIA AGRICOLA

The aim of this study was to identify the plant species constituing the propolis produced in different regions of the State of Minas Gerais, as well as to evaluate antibacterial, antiviral and antioxidant activities presented by methanolic extracts that vary with the season of the production. Propolis samples were collected, monthly, during one year, in three experimental apiaries located in the Municipalities of Itapecerica, Paula Cândido and Virginópolis, MG. Buds of plant species that bloomed in the apiary surroundings were also collected and used for the production of reference slides and exsicates deposited in herbarium, properly registered for taxonomic identity confirmation. For the obtention of the propolis slides produced with samples collected in each locality, besides the technique traditionally used, the viability of the identification of plant species present in propolis samples in metacrilato through microscopic observations was tested. Strong qualitative differences favoring the metacrilato inclusion technique were verified. This technique allowed the obtention of seriate cuts, whose thickness was known and in which taxon indicative anatomic characteristics were easily identified. The considerable level of detail provided by this technique brought unpublished results on the propolis botanical origin. These results indicate that in the Itapecerica region, although B. dracunculifolia has been identified as the predominant species, the presence of fragments of vegetative apexes of Baccharis calvescens DC. and Baccharis trimera DC. (Asteraceae), besides Myrsine umbellata G. Don (Myrsinaceae) was also verified. Two other types of non- identified anatomical structures were also detected. There was an important contribution of B. dracunculifolia in Paula Cândido's propolis. Secretory trichomes of Myrsine umbellata as well as gymnosperm tracheides were observed. In the region of Virginópolis, propolis is made up mainly of plant secretion exuded by local species. Besides constituents derived from secretory structures of B. dracunculiflia. Vernonia polyanthes Less. (Asteraceae), B. calvescens also participates in the composition of propolis produced in that region, together with three other morphological types that were observed. The results in relation to the possibility of using propolis, having B. dracunculifolia as the main plant source, as an antioxidant and antibacterial (against S. aureus) agent, were promising. The association of high triterpenoid levels and some phenolic compounds in propolis samples may guarantee activity anti-BHV-1 and anti-PRV. It was also verified that seasonality is a major determinant of propolis biological activity. Propolis samples with constituents similar to phenolic substances showed differentiated biological activities, suggesting the presence of certain active compounds in different concentrations among the samples. Propolis samples of similar botanical origin and chemical profiles may present differences in efficiency of S. aureus growth inhibition. Likewise, a single species of bacteria may show different susceptibilities to a single propolis extract. Although propolis samples with higher levels of phenolic substances are more efficient in inhibiting S. aureus growth, the results suggested a possible synergism of these compounds with triterpenes. Propolis whose organoleptic characteristics do not adjust to market demands may present important biological activities.