Molecular detection of Leptospira spp. in rats as early spatial predictor for human disease in an endemic urban area
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216830 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/186751 |
Resumo: | Background Leptospirosis is considered a neglected zoonosis associated with infrastructure problems and low socioeconomic status, particularly slums. Since the disease is mainly transmitted in urban settings by rat urine, this risk factor may be important predictor tool for prompt control and effective prevention at the local level in urban endemic areas. Accordingly, the present study aimed to propose an early spatial predictor tool for human leptospirosis in urban settings, to test the methodology of molecular methods for assessing Leptospira spp. in trapped rats, and report associated environmental data. Methodology/Principal findings Official city records and previous study were used to select risk factors for human leptospirosis in an endemic neighborhood of Curitiba, Brazil. Neighborhood census sectors were divided in high- and low-risk areas using 12 selected factors: flood area, water supply, water course, green coverage, afforestation, sewage network, open sewage, open garbage, garbage collection, dumpster, pavement, and rodent complaints. In addition, rats were captured in pre-determined sites from January through March 2017, euthanized, and individual kidneys samples sent for molecular diagnosis. Human cases were obtained from official city records. In total, 95/112 (84.8%) census sectors were classified as low-risk to human leptospirosis. No significant statistical differences were found in human case frequencies between high and low-risk areas. Kidney samples from 17/25 (68.0%) trapped rats were positive for Leptospira spp. The main risk factors associated with rodent presence included inadequate water supply (p = 0.04), sanitary sewage (p = 0.04), unpaved streets (p = 0.04), and complaint of rodents (p = 0.04). Conclusions/Significance This study offers a new approach to score leptospirosis transmission risk, and to compare small areas and their heterogeneity in the same census sector of endemic areas. Environmental risk factors for Leptospira spp. transmission within the neighborhood were mainly due to differences in infrastructure and basic services. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study using Leptospira spp. in rats as predictor for human disease in an urban setting of a major city. Although the number of rats trapped was low, this methodology may be used as basis for early and effective interventions, focused on high risk areas for leptospirosis prior to human cases, and potentially reducing morbidity and mortality in low-income areas of urban settings. |
id |
UNSP_90b187b28cb07754588079a205732605 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/186751 |
network_acronym_str |
UNSP |
network_name_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository_id_str |
2946 |
spelling |
Molecular detection of Leptospira spp. in rats as early spatial predictor for human disease in an endemic urban areaBackground Leptospirosis is considered a neglected zoonosis associated with infrastructure problems and low socioeconomic status, particularly slums. Since the disease is mainly transmitted in urban settings by rat urine, this risk factor may be important predictor tool for prompt control and effective prevention at the local level in urban endemic areas. Accordingly, the present study aimed to propose an early spatial predictor tool for human leptospirosis in urban settings, to test the methodology of molecular methods for assessing Leptospira spp. in trapped rats, and report associated environmental data. Methodology/Principal findings Official city records and previous study were used to select risk factors for human leptospirosis in an endemic neighborhood of Curitiba, Brazil. Neighborhood census sectors were divided in high- and low-risk areas using 12 selected factors: flood area, water supply, water course, green coverage, afforestation, sewage network, open sewage, open garbage, garbage collection, dumpster, pavement, and rodent complaints. In addition, rats were captured in pre-determined sites from January through March 2017, euthanized, and individual kidneys samples sent for molecular diagnosis. Human cases were obtained from official city records. In total, 95/112 (84.8%) census sectors were classified as low-risk to human leptospirosis. No significant statistical differences were found in human case frequencies between high and low-risk areas. Kidney samples from 17/25 (68.0%) trapped rats were positive for Leptospira spp. The main risk factors associated with rodent presence included inadequate water supply (p = 0.04), sanitary sewage (p = 0.04), unpaved streets (p = 0.04), and complaint of rodents (p = 0.04). Conclusions/Significance This study offers a new approach to score leptospirosis transmission risk, and to compare small areas and their heterogeneity in the same census sector of endemic areas. Environmental risk factors for Leptospira spp. transmission within the neighborhood were mainly due to differences in infrastructure and basic services. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study using Leptospira spp. in rats as predictor for human disease in an urban setting of a major city. Although the number of rats trapped was low, this methodology may be used as basis for early and effective interventions, focused on high risk areas for leptospirosis prior to human cases, and potentially reducing morbidity and mortality in low-income areas of urban settings.Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Hyg & Publ Hlth, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Ponta Grossa, Dept Nursing & Publ Hlth, Ponta Grossa, Parana, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sch Vet Med, Dept Prevent Vet Med & Anim Hlth, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Dept Vet Med, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilZoonoses Surveillance Unit, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Dept Community Hlth, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilPurdue Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Comparat Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USASao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Hyg & Publ Hlth, Sao Paulo, BrazilPublic Library ScienceUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG)Universidade de São Paulo (USP)Univ Fed ParanaZoonoses Surveillance UnitPurdue UnivPellizzaro, Maysa [UNESP]Martins, Camila MarinelliYamakawa, Ana CarolinaFerraz, Diogo da CunhaMorikawa, Vivien MidoriFerreira, FernandoSantos, Andrea Pires dosBiondo, Alexander WelkerLangoni, Helio [UNESP]2019-10-06T01:40:41Z2019-10-06T01:40:41Z2019-05-22info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article11http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216830Plos One. San Francisco: Public Library Science, v. 14, n. 5, 11 p., 2019.1932-6203http://hdl.handle.net/11449/18675110.1371/journal.pone.0216830WOS:000468607400031Web of Sciencereponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengPlos Oneinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-10-23T20:17:59Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/186751Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462021-10-23T20:17:59Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Molecular detection of Leptospira spp. in rats as early spatial predictor for human disease in an endemic urban area |
title |
Molecular detection of Leptospira spp. in rats as early spatial predictor for human disease in an endemic urban area |
spellingShingle |
Molecular detection of Leptospira spp. in rats as early spatial predictor for human disease in an endemic urban area Pellizzaro, Maysa [UNESP] |
title_short |
Molecular detection of Leptospira spp. in rats as early spatial predictor for human disease in an endemic urban area |
title_full |
Molecular detection of Leptospira spp. in rats as early spatial predictor for human disease in an endemic urban area |
title_fullStr |
Molecular detection of Leptospira spp. in rats as early spatial predictor for human disease in an endemic urban area |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular detection of Leptospira spp. in rats as early spatial predictor for human disease in an endemic urban area |
title_sort |
Molecular detection of Leptospira spp. in rats as early spatial predictor for human disease in an endemic urban area |
author |
Pellizzaro, Maysa [UNESP] |
author_facet |
Pellizzaro, Maysa [UNESP] Martins, Camila Marinelli Yamakawa, Ana Carolina Ferraz, Diogo da Cunha Morikawa, Vivien Midori Ferreira, Fernando Santos, Andrea Pires dos Biondo, Alexander Welker Langoni, Helio [UNESP] |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Martins, Camila Marinelli Yamakawa, Ana Carolina Ferraz, Diogo da Cunha Morikawa, Vivien Midori Ferreira, Fernando Santos, Andrea Pires dos Biondo, Alexander Welker Langoni, Helio [UNESP] |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG) Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Univ Fed Parana Zoonoses Surveillance Unit Purdue Univ |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pellizzaro, Maysa [UNESP] Martins, Camila Marinelli Yamakawa, Ana Carolina Ferraz, Diogo da Cunha Morikawa, Vivien Midori Ferreira, Fernando Santos, Andrea Pires dos Biondo, Alexander Welker Langoni, Helio [UNESP] |
description |
Background Leptospirosis is considered a neglected zoonosis associated with infrastructure problems and low socioeconomic status, particularly slums. Since the disease is mainly transmitted in urban settings by rat urine, this risk factor may be important predictor tool for prompt control and effective prevention at the local level in urban endemic areas. Accordingly, the present study aimed to propose an early spatial predictor tool for human leptospirosis in urban settings, to test the methodology of molecular methods for assessing Leptospira spp. in trapped rats, and report associated environmental data. Methodology/Principal findings Official city records and previous study were used to select risk factors for human leptospirosis in an endemic neighborhood of Curitiba, Brazil. Neighborhood census sectors were divided in high- and low-risk areas using 12 selected factors: flood area, water supply, water course, green coverage, afforestation, sewage network, open sewage, open garbage, garbage collection, dumpster, pavement, and rodent complaints. In addition, rats were captured in pre-determined sites from January through March 2017, euthanized, and individual kidneys samples sent for molecular diagnosis. Human cases were obtained from official city records. In total, 95/112 (84.8%) census sectors were classified as low-risk to human leptospirosis. No significant statistical differences were found in human case frequencies between high and low-risk areas. Kidney samples from 17/25 (68.0%) trapped rats were positive for Leptospira spp. The main risk factors associated with rodent presence included inadequate water supply (p = 0.04), sanitary sewage (p = 0.04), unpaved streets (p = 0.04), and complaint of rodents (p = 0.04). Conclusions/Significance This study offers a new approach to score leptospirosis transmission risk, and to compare small areas and their heterogeneity in the same census sector of endemic areas. Environmental risk factors for Leptospira spp. transmission within the neighborhood were mainly due to differences in infrastructure and basic services. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study using Leptospira spp. in rats as predictor for human disease in an urban setting of a major city. Although the number of rats trapped was low, this methodology may be used as basis for early and effective interventions, focused on high risk areas for leptospirosis prior to human cases, and potentially reducing morbidity and mortality in low-income areas of urban settings. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-10-06T01:40:41Z 2019-10-06T01:40:41Z 2019-05-22 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216830 Plos One. San Francisco: Public Library Science, v. 14, n. 5, 11 p., 2019. 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/186751 10.1371/journal.pone.0216830 WOS:000468607400031 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216830 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/186751 |
identifier_str_mv |
Plos One. San Francisco: Public Library Science, v. 14, n. 5, 11 p., 2019. 1932-6203 10.1371/journal.pone.0216830 WOS:000468607400031 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Plos One |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
11 |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Public Library Science |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Public Library Science |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Web of Science reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1792961896521924608 |