Effect of work on body language of ranch horses in Brazil
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228130 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/201508 |
Resumo: | The horses' responses to exercise are commonly monitored using physiological variables, nonetheless physical and mental states can also be expressed through body language. The aims of this study were: (i) to identify how facial expressions and other behavioural variables change in ranch horses after a routine workday, and (ii) to investigate if these changes can be used as indicators of physical tiredness by relating them to known variables of physical fitness and workload. Fourteen crossbred ranch horses were assessed pre- and post-workday on two farms, recording the body language, physiological and workload variables. Statistical analysis consisted of four stages: (i) comparisons between the sampling times (pre- vs postworkday) using linear mixed-effects models with repeated measures and a paired Wilcoxon test; (ii) selection of the most powerful variables by applying Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and principal components analyses (PCA); (iii) evaluations of the relationships within these selected variables utilizing PCA and Spearman rank coefficients; and (iv) identifying a critical level of the most robust behavioural indicators using a non-hierarchical cluster analysis. Results showed that after a workday the horses increased the frequency/duration of body language indicative of resting. They also decreased the frequency/duration of body language indicative of attention and movements to avoid flies. However, some of these behaviours are also shown when horses are in pain, leading us to suggest that some ranch horses were probably experiencing a combination of of tiredness and slight soreness. Of particular interest, because of the ease with which it can be assessed on the farm and generalized to other situations, we suggest that the frequency of shifting weight between the forelegs has potential to be used as an indicator of physical tiredness in horses. The results can also be used in the development of tools to improve the welfare of ranch horses as well as horses used in other activities, although more research is needed to validate this assumption. |
id |
UNSP_ae187bd71061e91355bbd51a5fa87463 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/201508 |
network_acronym_str |
UNSP |
network_name_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository_id_str |
2946 |
spelling |
Effect of work on body language of ranch horses in BrazilThe horses' responses to exercise are commonly monitored using physiological variables, nonetheless physical and mental states can also be expressed through body language. The aims of this study were: (i) to identify how facial expressions and other behavioural variables change in ranch horses after a routine workday, and (ii) to investigate if these changes can be used as indicators of physical tiredness by relating them to known variables of physical fitness and workload. Fourteen crossbred ranch horses were assessed pre- and post-workday on two farms, recording the body language, physiological and workload variables. Statistical analysis consisted of four stages: (i) comparisons between the sampling times (pre- vs postworkday) using linear mixed-effects models with repeated measures and a paired Wilcoxon test; (ii) selection of the most powerful variables by applying Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and principal components analyses (PCA); (iii) evaluations of the relationships within these selected variables utilizing PCA and Spearman rank coefficients; and (iv) identifying a critical level of the most robust behavioural indicators using a non-hierarchical cluster analysis. Results showed that after a workday the horses increased the frequency/duration of body language indicative of resting. They also decreased the frequency/duration of body language indicative of attention and movements to avoid flies. However, some of these behaviours are also shown when horses are in pain, leading us to suggest that some ranch horses were probably experiencing a combination of of tiredness and slight soreness. Of particular interest, because of the ease with which it can be assessed on the farm and generalized to other situations, we suggest that the frequency of shifting weight between the forelegs has potential to be used as an indicator of physical tiredness in horses. The results can also be used in the development of tools to improve the welfare of ranch horses as well as horses used in other activities, although more research is needed to validate this assumption.Graduate Program in Animal Science Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences UNESP São Paulo State UniversityDepartment of Animal Science Ethology and Animal Ecology Research Group (Grupo ETCO) Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences UNESP São Paulo State UniversityDepartament of Animal Environment and Health Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartament of Large Animal Sciences University of Agricultural SciencesDepartament of Animal Morphology and Physiology UNESP São Paulo State University Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary SciencesGraduate Program in Animal Science Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences UNESP São Paulo State UniversityDepartment of Animal Science Ethology and Animal Ecology Research Group (Grupo ETCO) Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences UNESP São Paulo State UniversityDepartament of Animal Morphology and Physiology UNESP São Paulo State University Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary SciencesUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Agricultural SciencesTrindade, Pedro Henrique Esteves [UNESP]Hartmann, ElkeKeeling, Linda J.Andersen, Pia HaubroFerraz, Guilherme De Camargo [UNESP]Da Costa, Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos [UNESP]2020-12-12T02:34:18Z2020-12-12T02:34:18Z2020-01-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228130PLoS ONE, v. 15, n. 1, 2020.1932-6203http://hdl.handle.net/11449/20150810.1371/journal.pone.02281302-s2.0-85078687712Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengPLoS ONEinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-10-22T20:04:26Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/201508Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462021-10-22T20:04:26Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Effect of work on body language of ranch horses in Brazil |
title |
Effect of work on body language of ranch horses in Brazil |
spellingShingle |
Effect of work on body language of ranch horses in Brazil Trindade, Pedro Henrique Esteves [UNESP] |
title_short |
Effect of work on body language of ranch horses in Brazil |
title_full |
Effect of work on body language of ranch horses in Brazil |
title_fullStr |
Effect of work on body language of ranch horses in Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of work on body language of ranch horses in Brazil |
title_sort |
Effect of work on body language of ranch horses in Brazil |
author |
Trindade, Pedro Henrique Esteves [UNESP] |
author_facet |
Trindade, Pedro Henrique Esteves [UNESP] Hartmann, Elke Keeling, Linda J. Andersen, Pia Haubro Ferraz, Guilherme De Camargo [UNESP] Da Costa, Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos [UNESP] |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Hartmann, Elke Keeling, Linda J. Andersen, Pia Haubro Ferraz, Guilherme De Camargo [UNESP] Da Costa, Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos [UNESP] |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences University of Agricultural Sciences |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Trindade, Pedro Henrique Esteves [UNESP] Hartmann, Elke Keeling, Linda J. Andersen, Pia Haubro Ferraz, Guilherme De Camargo [UNESP] Da Costa, Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos [UNESP] |
description |
The horses' responses to exercise are commonly monitored using physiological variables, nonetheless physical and mental states can also be expressed through body language. The aims of this study were: (i) to identify how facial expressions and other behavioural variables change in ranch horses after a routine workday, and (ii) to investigate if these changes can be used as indicators of physical tiredness by relating them to known variables of physical fitness and workload. Fourteen crossbred ranch horses were assessed pre- and post-workday on two farms, recording the body language, physiological and workload variables. Statistical analysis consisted of four stages: (i) comparisons between the sampling times (pre- vs postworkday) using linear mixed-effects models with repeated measures and a paired Wilcoxon test; (ii) selection of the most powerful variables by applying Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and principal components analyses (PCA); (iii) evaluations of the relationships within these selected variables utilizing PCA and Spearman rank coefficients; and (iv) identifying a critical level of the most robust behavioural indicators using a non-hierarchical cluster analysis. Results showed that after a workday the horses increased the frequency/duration of body language indicative of resting. They also decreased the frequency/duration of body language indicative of attention and movements to avoid flies. However, some of these behaviours are also shown when horses are in pain, leading us to suggest that some ranch horses were probably experiencing a combination of of tiredness and slight soreness. Of particular interest, because of the ease with which it can be assessed on the farm and generalized to other situations, we suggest that the frequency of shifting weight between the forelegs has potential to be used as an indicator of physical tiredness in horses. The results can also be used in the development of tools to improve the welfare of ranch horses as well as horses used in other activities, although more research is needed to validate this assumption. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-12-12T02:34:18Z 2020-12-12T02:34:18Z 2020-01-01 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228130 PLoS ONE, v. 15, n. 1, 2020. 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/201508 10.1371/journal.pone.0228130 2-s2.0-85078687712 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228130 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/201508 |
identifier_str_mv |
PLoS ONE, v. 15, n. 1, 2020. 1932-6203 10.1371/journal.pone.0228130 2-s2.0-85078687712 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
PLoS ONE |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1799965651407732736 |