Rastreamento morfológico da ação da exposição ao jambu (Acmella oleracea) no controle do carrapato-estrela (Amblyomma cajennense): avaliação externa (integumento) e interna (glândulas salivares)

• Main Author: Ceccato, Thais Scopinho
• Publication Date: 2022
• Format: Bachelor thesis
• Language: por
• Source: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Download full: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/216111
• topic: Acaricide; Morphology; Bioactives; Star tick; Carrapato; Histologia; Jambu; Morfologia

Ticks are ectoparasites of great epidemiological importance, since they are vectors of many pathogens for several animal species, mainly mammals, including man. Adults of the species Amblyomma cajennense are important in the fact that they are vectors of the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, which causes Brazilian Spotted Fever (FMB) or Rocky Mountain Fever, or even Tick Fever, whose consequences can lead to death of the host. Records indicate that these ectoparasites are also vectors of Theileria equi, the etiological agent of equine piroplasmosis. Thus, this study aimed to bring information on the use of extract of aerial parts (flower, leaf and stem) of jambu (Acmella oleracea) (Asteraceae), evaluating the morphological changes that would occur in the integument and salivary glands of A. cajennense ticks as a result of this exposure. For this, ticks were exposed to the extract at concentrations previously established by Anholeto (2017) of 6.2; 12.5 and 25 mg/mL through the adult immersion test. Then, salivary glands and integument were collected, processed according to histological and histochemical techniques, and analyzed under brightfield microscopy. The results obtained showed the presence of significant alterations in these organs at all concentrations tested here. Specifically, the integument showed alterations mainly in the epidermis, with extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization in the cells of this layer. In the salivary glands, there were changes that included the presence of extensive vacuolized cytoplasmic regions, marginalization of chromatin in the nuclei of secretory cells, irregularities in the limits of acinar cells, which together changed the morphology of the acinus from rounded to irregular, in addition to the presence of intercellular spaces inside the acini. Thus, it can be concluded that the extract presented cytotoxicity for the integument and for the salivary glands, corroborating literature data and signaling a possibility of a future strategy for the control of these ectoparasites.