Atividade biológica “in vitro” de extratos de Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) JB Gillett, Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth, Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & Grimes e Eugenia uniflora L. contra ixodídeos, culicídeos e nematoides gastrintestinais de pequenos ruminantes

• Autor(a) principal: TENÓRIO, Rodrigo Ferreira Lima
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/7133
• topic: Planta medicinal; Atividade biológica; Commiphora leptophloeos; Ziziphus joazeiro; Croton heliotropiifolius; Abarema cochliacarpos; Eugenia uniflora; Controle de praga; Ruminante; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA

The use of medicinal plants is an alternative for pest control, as they provide chemical compounds with potential ectoparasiticidal action. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biological activity of extracts of Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) JB Gillett, Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth, Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & Grimes and Eugenia uniflora L. against ixodids, culicidae and small ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes. The tickcide activity was evaluated against Anocentor nitens by the technique of immersion of engorged females. Concentrations of 100 % and 50 % of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves of C. leptophloeos, C. heliotropiifolius and Z. joazeiro and distilled water as negative control were used. In the assay with Culicids Aedes (stegomyia) aegypti third instar larvae were exposed to concentrations of 30 mg / mL, 20 mg / mL and 10 mg / mL of leaf extracts of C. leptophloeos and C. heliotropiifolius, and for Z. joazeiro 30 mg / mL, 1 mg / mL and 0.5 mg / mL according to a methodology recommended by the World Health Organization. An biological larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis sorovar israelensis at concentrations of 0.06 ppm and 0.37 ppm was used as positive control and a negative control with dechlorinated water. Under the same conditions, the ethanolic extract of A. cochliacarpos stem bark at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was tested, and the industrial larvicide Pyriproxyfen at a concentration of 0.002 g / L and distilled water were used as positive control and negative control respectively. The antihelminthic activity against gastrintestinal helminths of small ruminants was evaluated for the ethanolic extract of A. cochliacarpos stem bark (10 %, 25 % and 50 % concentrations) and of the aqueous extract of E. uniflora leaves (concentrations of 20 %), determined by the calculation of percentages of larvae reduction per gram of faeces. Negative controls were used with distilled water and positive controls with Ivermectin 1 % and Albendazole 5 %. The species C. leptophloeos was effective at all concentrations tested against A. nitens, and the species Z. joazeiro and C. heliotropiifolius demonstrated efficacy only at the concentration of 100 %. In the A. aegypti assay, the highest mortality rates were obtained at the highest concentrations tested, being 66.5 % for C. leptophloeos, 92.75 % for Z. joazeiro and 33.75 % for C. heliotropiifolius. With the extract of A. cochliacarpos (10 mg / mL) the mortality rate was 34.75 %. In the larvae reduction per gram of faeces, larvae of genus Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum were identified, obtaining a highly effective reduction for the 25 % and 50% concentrations of A. cochliacarpos against the three genera. The aqueous extract of E. uniflora (20 %) had no effect on the reduction of the number of larvae of said gastrointestinal nematodes. It is concluded that hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves of C. leptophloeos, Z. joazeiro and C. heliotropiifolius present biological activity against A. nitens, and the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of A. cochliacarpos shows a better mortality activity than conventionally commercial larvicides used against A. aegypti larvae. The aqueous extract of the leaves of E. uniflora at the concentration of 0.2 g / mL is not present enough to promote reduction of larvae per gram of feces.