Potencial energético e econômico de cinco biomassas

• Autor(a) principal: Ciaramello, Sandro
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USC
• Texto Completo: http://tede2.usc.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/390
• topic: Bioenergia; Eucalipto; Sorgo Biomassa; Sorgo Sacarino; Bioenergy; Eucalyptus; Biomass Sorghum; Sweet Sorghum; CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA

Among the biomass used for electric energy production in Brazil, the main ones are the residual bagasse from the manufacture of sugar and ethanol and the eucalyptus chip. However, new raw materials are available in the market, such as sorghum biomass and sorghum saccharin. However, a preliminary study of the technical and economic viability of these raw materials is necessary, determining the potential compounds that can damage the boilers, as well as the costs of agricultural production. In this way, the objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical-technological composition and production costs of sugarcane, sorghum biomass, sorghum saccharine, eucalyptus of 2 and 4 years. The experiment was carried out at the Biomass and Bioenergy Laboratories of the University of Sagrado Coração (USC) and also in the laboratories of Sugar and Alcohol Technology and Engineering of Biosystems of the Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP. The biomasses were collected at production units in the Bauru region. The characterization was stipulated as to calorific value and content of macro and micronutrients (K, Na, Ca, Fe and S). To perform the economic analysis of the raw materials, data on costs of seedlings, planting, cultural dealings, productivity and harvest; were raised in cooperatives, the Ministry of Agriculture, National Supply Company, service providers to foresters, seed companies and seedlings, and sugarcane plants in the state of São Paulo. Also analyzed were the commercialization values of electric energy in the state. In this way the amount of energy produced for each biomass per unit of planted area was determined, and the economic return to the producer was determined. It was concluded that the 2 and 4 years eucalyptus cultivation results in lower production costs, which decrease due to the prolongation of the vegetative cycle. The 4 years eucalyptus crop results in a higher economic return to the producer, considering the value obtained per hectare.year-1. Cultivation of sorghum biomass results in the second highest economic return to the producer (R$ ha.year-1), in a vegetative cycle of only 4 - 5 months. The 4 years old eucalyptus results in a greater amount of energy generated per hectare of cultivation. Sugarcane, despite having the highest cost of production among biomasses, has its cost diluted in function of the number of subsequent cuts.