Reviewing the Analytical Methodologies to Determine the Occurrence of Citrinin and its Major Metabolite, Dihydrocitrinone, in Human Biological Fluids
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Outros Autores: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10316/106477 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122906 |
Resumo: | Until now, the available data regarding citrinin (CIT) levels in food and the consumption of contaminated foods are insufficient to allow a reliable estimate of intake. Therefore, biomonitoring configuring analysis of parent compound and/or metabolites in biological fluids, such as urine or blood, is being increasingly applied in the assessment of human exposure to CIT and its metabolite, dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT). Most studies report urinary levels lower for the parent compound when compared with DH-CIT. A high variability either in the mean levels or in the inter-individual ratios of CIT/DH-CIT between the reported studies has been found. Levels of DH-CIT in urine were reported as being comprised between three to seventeen times higher than the parent mycotoxin. In order to comply with this objective, sensitive analytical methodologies for determining biomarkers of exposure are required. Recent development of powerful analytical techniques, namely liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS/MS) have facilitated biomonitoring studies, mainly in urine samples. In the present work, evidence on human exposure to CIT through its occurrence and its metabolite, in biological fluids, urine and blood/plasma, in different countries, is reviewed. The analytical methodologies usually employed to evaluate trace quantities of these two molecules, are also presented. In this sense, relevant data on sampling (size and pre-treatment), extraction, cleanup and detection and quantification techniques and respective chromatographic conditions, as well as the analytical performance, are evidenced. |
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Reviewing the Analytical Methodologies to Determine the Occurrence of Citrinin and its Major Metabolite, Dihydrocitrinone, in Human Biological Fluidscitrinindihydrocitrinonebiomonitoringurinebloodplasmaanalytical methodologiesChemistry, ClinicalChromatography, LiquidCitrininDietary ExposureFood ContaminationHumansLimit of DetectionTandem Mass SpectrometryUntil now, the available data regarding citrinin (CIT) levels in food and the consumption of contaminated foods are insufficient to allow a reliable estimate of intake. Therefore, biomonitoring configuring analysis of parent compound and/or metabolites in biological fluids, such as urine or blood, is being increasingly applied in the assessment of human exposure to CIT and its metabolite, dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT). Most studies report urinary levels lower for the parent compound when compared with DH-CIT. A high variability either in the mean levels or in the inter-individual ratios of CIT/DH-CIT between the reported studies has been found. Levels of DH-CIT in urine were reported as being comprised between three to seventeen times higher than the parent mycotoxin. In order to comply with this objective, sensitive analytical methodologies for determining biomarkers of exposure are required. Recent development of powerful analytical techniques, namely liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS/MS) have facilitated biomonitoring studies, mainly in urine samples. In the present work, evidence on human exposure to CIT through its occurrence and its metabolite, in biological fluids, urine and blood/plasma, in different countries, is reviewed. The analytical methodologies usually employed to evaluate trace quantities of these two molecules, are also presented. In this sense, relevant data on sampling (size and pre-treatment), extraction, cleanup and detection and quantification techniques and respective chromatographic conditions, as well as the analytical performance, are evidenced.MDPI2020-06-24info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10316/106477http://hdl.handle.net/10316/106477https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122906eng1420-3049Silva, LilianaPereira, AndréDuarte, SofiaPena, AngelinaLino, Celeste M.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-04-04T20:39:18Zoai:estudogeral.uc.pt:10316/106477Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T21:22:55.619594Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Reviewing the Analytical Methodologies to Determine the Occurrence of Citrinin and its Major Metabolite, Dihydrocitrinone, in Human Biological Fluids |
title |
Reviewing the Analytical Methodologies to Determine the Occurrence of Citrinin and its Major Metabolite, Dihydrocitrinone, in Human Biological Fluids |
spellingShingle |
Reviewing the Analytical Methodologies to Determine the Occurrence of Citrinin and its Major Metabolite, Dihydrocitrinone, in Human Biological Fluids Silva, Liliana citrinin dihydrocitrinone biomonitoring urine blood plasma analytical methodologies Chemistry, Clinical Chromatography, Liquid Citrinin Dietary Exposure Food Contamination Humans Limit of Detection Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
title_short |
Reviewing the Analytical Methodologies to Determine the Occurrence of Citrinin and its Major Metabolite, Dihydrocitrinone, in Human Biological Fluids |
title_full |
Reviewing the Analytical Methodologies to Determine the Occurrence of Citrinin and its Major Metabolite, Dihydrocitrinone, in Human Biological Fluids |
title_fullStr |
Reviewing the Analytical Methodologies to Determine the Occurrence of Citrinin and its Major Metabolite, Dihydrocitrinone, in Human Biological Fluids |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reviewing the Analytical Methodologies to Determine the Occurrence of Citrinin and its Major Metabolite, Dihydrocitrinone, in Human Biological Fluids |
title_sort |
Reviewing the Analytical Methodologies to Determine the Occurrence of Citrinin and its Major Metabolite, Dihydrocitrinone, in Human Biological Fluids |
author |
Silva, Liliana |
author_facet |
Silva, Liliana Pereira, André Duarte, Sofia Pena, Angelina Lino, Celeste M. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Pereira, André Duarte, Sofia Pena, Angelina Lino, Celeste M. |
author2_role |
author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Silva, Liliana Pereira, André Duarte, Sofia Pena, Angelina Lino, Celeste M. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
citrinin dihydrocitrinone biomonitoring urine blood plasma analytical methodologies Chemistry, Clinical Chromatography, Liquid Citrinin Dietary Exposure Food Contamination Humans Limit of Detection Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
topic |
citrinin dihydrocitrinone biomonitoring urine blood plasma analytical methodologies Chemistry, Clinical Chromatography, Liquid Citrinin Dietary Exposure Food Contamination Humans Limit of Detection Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
description |
Until now, the available data regarding citrinin (CIT) levels in food and the consumption of contaminated foods are insufficient to allow a reliable estimate of intake. Therefore, biomonitoring configuring analysis of parent compound and/or metabolites in biological fluids, such as urine or blood, is being increasingly applied in the assessment of human exposure to CIT and its metabolite, dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT). Most studies report urinary levels lower for the parent compound when compared with DH-CIT. A high variability either in the mean levels or in the inter-individual ratios of CIT/DH-CIT between the reported studies has been found. Levels of DH-CIT in urine were reported as being comprised between three to seventeen times higher than the parent mycotoxin. In order to comply with this objective, sensitive analytical methodologies for determining biomarkers of exposure are required. Recent development of powerful analytical techniques, namely liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS/MS) have facilitated biomonitoring studies, mainly in urine samples. In the present work, evidence on human exposure to CIT through its occurrence and its metabolite, in biological fluids, urine and blood/plasma, in different countries, is reviewed. The analytical methodologies usually employed to evaluate trace quantities of these two molecules, are also presented. In this sense, relevant data on sampling (size and pre-treatment), extraction, cleanup and detection and quantification techniques and respective chromatographic conditions, as well as the analytical performance, are evidenced. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-06-24 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10316/106477 http://hdl.handle.net/10316/106477 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122906 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10316/106477 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122906 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
1420-3049 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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1799134117300797440 |