Tipologia e fragmentação das terras úmidas do cerrado na alta bacia do Rio Araguaia, estado de Goiás

• Autor(a) principal: FONSECA, Cláudia Adriana Bueno da
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1847
• topic: Terras Úmidas; Tipologia; Impacto Ambiental; Wetlands, Typology, Environment Impact; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA

The aim of this research is to call the attention to the humid areas preservation for they are natural habitat with special dynamic and genesis and that they have been damaged by the gradual development of the use of the soil in the latest year. The upper basin of Araguaia river were chosen as an area study to follow systematically the development of Cerrado habitat degradation; going deeply in that approach we want to show how important those humid areas are for its complexity to maintain the biodiversity. According to the environment point of view those wets areas are complex ecosystems, situated in the water interface and in the soil, and has had an important paper in the hydrologic and dynamic and also to keep the biodiversity. The sub basins of Babilonia and Piranhas rivers of the Araguaia river were selected to develop a gradual typology of the humid soil and the development of degradation they are. The present research used thematic bases in a schedule of 1:100.000, 1:250.000 and 1:500.000 of geology, geomorphology, soil, vegetation and upper basins hydrographic to characterize the landscape natural mosaic and the choice of the two studied sub basins. To delimitate the humid areas of the selected sub basins areas pictures where taken (1965) and satellite images LANDSAT MSS and TM(1975 and 2008) to get the impact diagnostic from the cattle raising and agriculture activities in the wetlands. Among the identified typology of wets lands of this context to the researched sub basins we detach riparian forest and humid field. The analysis of the continuous environment degradations of the wetlands was developed by a geoprocessing with the use of softwares ENVI 4.3; SPRING 4.3; the ecology metric pasture were analyzed developing FRAGSTATS 3.3; and ArcGis program (Geography Information System) to elaborate crossing data, areas calculation and to finish thematic maps. The reached result shows that in 1965 year the dominant wet land typology in the Piranhas river sub basins is the riparian forest while in Babilonia river sub basin there had a proportion as those ones among the typology showed in the riparian forest and humid field. In 2008 year the environment degradation in the sub basins wets area happened in a different way. In Babilonia river sub basins there had a decrease of the wets lands typology of 56,89%. The riparian forest lost space for the raising cattle and agriculture activities, pasture and urban areas that are taken 17,43%, 7,30% and 0,08% of the wetlands of that sub basins. Humid field showed a decrease of 20,79% for the raising cattle and agriculture activity and for pasture 11,30%, while in the Piranhas river sub basins the wets lands were reduced in 60,52% because the growing cattle raising and agriculture activities (the former one occupied 57,21%, the later one 1,56% and the urban area 0,15%). The humid field typology suffered a decrease in its area for the agriculture and raising cattle activities in 1,39% and 0,21% respectively. Unfortunately we can conclude that the wets areas of Babilonia and Piranhas rivers sub basins have been strongly degraded for those activities in the last 30 years. We should ask for public politics and appropriate techniques to diminish the environment impacts in those areas. The adoption of public politics and rights and proper techniques are necessary to diminish the impact in those important environment areas. The global vegetation has been the primary source of oxygen in the atmosphere enabling aerobic metabolism system to evolve and persist. That is one more reason to the urgency of a careful and serious public politics to keep wetlands untouched.