Efeito da intensidade de pastejo na estrutura da comunidade de aranhas do solo

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Freiberg, Joice Aline
Data de Publicação: 2017
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/14044
Resumo: Soil fauna assumes a strategic role as a bioindicator of the level of intensification that can be put to agroecosystem. Soil spiders can help understanding the effects of farming practices on systems that seek to combine the land use intensification with sustainability. This study aimed to know the structure of soil spider community in Integrated Crop-Livestock System (ICLS), constituted by soybean-pasture succession and submitted to different grazing intensities. The study was conducted in ICLS, São Miguel das Missões/RS, which since its establishment in 2001 is cultivated with the succession of black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) for continuous grazing of cattle in the winter and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] for grains production in the summer. The experiment comprises a total area approximately 23 hectares, divided into 14 plots that range from 0.8 to 3.6 hectares, according to the treatments applied. The treatments are based on four sward height management: 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm and areas without grazing (SP) as controls. The spiders were sampled with pitfall traps in two years and in two seasons: immediately after the exit of cattle from pasture, in November 2014 and 2015; and immediately after the soybean harvest in May 2015 and 2016. Total abundance, abundance of juveniles, males and females, and richness of species, families and guilds were evaluated. The effects of sward height on abundance and richness were examined through covariance analysis by linear regression models. The composition of the spider community was evaluated through presence and absence patterns of species, families and guilds according to the environmental gradient using the 'Poncho' function. Variance analyzes were performed to families, species and guilds composition, after grazing and after soybean, through the multivariate analysis of variance using Bray-Curtis distance matrices ('adonis'). A total of 3,055 spiders were collected, classified into 23 families and 45 species. Families, species, and guilds composition differed significantly between pasture and soybean. Linyphiidae and Theridiidae were more abundant after pasture, while Theridiidae and Lycosidae were more abundant after soybean. Ostearius melanopygius (O. Pickard- Cambridge, 1880) and Mermessus sp. were more frequent after pasture, while Styposis selis Levi, 1964 and Metaltella simoni (Keyserling, 1878) were more frequent after soybean. A larger number of sheet web builders were found after pasture, in contrast to the ground runners after the soybean harvest. Linear models suggest that the abundance and richness of soil spiders is strongly influenced by sward height management, especially after pasture. However, after the soybean harvest, the vegetal residues added to the soil by the winter pasture, still exert influence and determine, with smaller values, the variation in spider abundance. The reduction in intensification of grazing management benefits the abundance and richness of spiders in Integrated Crop-Livestock System.
id UFSM_8b8b07d6abdd78f62156a8d306cd1d83
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/14044
network_acronym_str UFSM
network_name_str Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
repository_id_str
spelling Efeito da intensidade de pastejo na estrutura da comunidade de aranhas do soloEffect of grazing intensity on community structure of soil spiderAraneaeBiodiversidade do soloFauna do soloIntensificação sustentávelAraneaeSoil biodiversitySoil faunaSustainable intensificationCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIASoil fauna assumes a strategic role as a bioindicator of the level of intensification that can be put to agroecosystem. Soil spiders can help understanding the effects of farming practices on systems that seek to combine the land use intensification with sustainability. This study aimed to know the structure of soil spider community in Integrated Crop-Livestock System (ICLS), constituted by soybean-pasture succession and submitted to different grazing intensities. The study was conducted in ICLS, São Miguel das Missões/RS, which since its establishment in 2001 is cultivated with the succession of black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) for continuous grazing of cattle in the winter and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] for grains production in the summer. The experiment comprises a total area approximately 23 hectares, divided into 14 plots that range from 0.8 to 3.6 hectares, according to the treatments applied. The treatments are based on four sward height management: 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm and areas without grazing (SP) as controls. The spiders were sampled with pitfall traps in two years and in two seasons: immediately after the exit of cattle from pasture, in November 2014 and 2015; and immediately after the soybean harvest in May 2015 and 2016. Total abundance, abundance of juveniles, males and females, and richness of species, families and guilds were evaluated. The effects of sward height on abundance and richness were examined through covariance analysis by linear regression models. The composition of the spider community was evaluated through presence and absence patterns of species, families and guilds according to the environmental gradient using the 'Poncho' function. Variance analyzes were performed to families, species and guilds composition, after grazing and after soybean, through the multivariate analysis of variance using Bray-Curtis distance matrices ('adonis'). A total of 3,055 spiders were collected, classified into 23 families and 45 species. Families, species, and guilds composition differed significantly between pasture and soybean. Linyphiidae and Theridiidae were more abundant after pasture, while Theridiidae and Lycosidae were more abundant after soybean. Ostearius melanopygius (O. Pickard- Cambridge, 1880) and Mermessus sp. were more frequent after pasture, while Styposis selis Levi, 1964 and Metaltella simoni (Keyserling, 1878) were more frequent after soybean. A larger number of sheet web builders were found after pasture, in contrast to the ground runners after the soybean harvest. Linear models suggest that the abundance and richness of soil spiders is strongly influenced by sward height management, especially after pasture. However, after the soybean harvest, the vegetal residues added to the soil by the winter pasture, still exert influence and determine, with smaller values, the variation in spider abundance. The reduction in intensification of grazing management benefits the abundance and richness of spiders in Integrated Crop-Livestock System.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqA fauna do solo assume um papel estratégico como bioindicadora do nível de intensificação que é possível imprimir ao agroecossistema. As aranhas do solo podem auxiliar na compreensão dos efeitos das práticas agrícolas em sistemas que buscam aliar a intensificação do uso do solo com a sustentabilidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a estrutura da comunidade de aranhas do solo de um Sistema Integrado de Produção Agropecuária (SIPA), constituído pela sucessão soja-pastagem e submetido a diferentes intensidades de pastejo. O estudo foi conduzido em um SIPA, em São Miguel das Missões/RS, que desde a sua instalação em 2001 é cultivado com a sucessão de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) para o pastejo contínuo dos bovinos no inverno e soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] para a produção de grãos no verão. O experimento compreende uma área total de aproximadamente 23 hectares, divididos em 14 parcelas que variam de 0,8 a 3,6 hectares, de acordo com os tratamentos aplicados. Os tratamentos baseiam-se em quatro alturas de pastejo: 10, 20, 30 e 40 cm e áreas sem pastejo (SP) como testemunhas. As aranhas foram amostradas com armadilhas de queda (pitfall traps) em dois anos e em duas épocas: imediatamente após a saída dos bovinos da pastagem, em novembro de 2014 e de 2015; e imediatamente após a colheita da soja, em maio de 2015 e de 2016. Foram avaliadas a abundância total; a abundância de jovens, machos e fêmeas; a riqueza de famílias, espécies e guildas de aranhas. Os efeitos da altura do pasto na abundância e riqueza foram examinados através da análise de covariância, por modelos de regressão linear. A composição da comunidade de aranhas foi avaliada através de padrões de presença e ausência das espécies, famílias e guildas de acordo com o gradiente ambiental. Também foram realizadas análises de variância na composição das famílias, espécies e guildas, após pastagem e após soja, através da análise multivariada permutativa de variância usando matrizes de distância Bray-Curtis. Coletou-se um total de 3.055 aranhas, classificadas em 23 famílias e 45 espécies. A composição de famílias, espécies e guildas diferiu significativamente entre a pastagem e a soja. Linyphiidae e Theridiidae foram mais abundantes após pastagem, enquanto Theridiidae e Lycosidae foram mais abundantes após soja. Ostearius melanopygius (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880) e Mermessus sp. foram mais frequentes após pastagem, enquanto Styposis selis Levi, 1964 e Metaltella simoni (Keyserling, 1878) foram mais frequentes após soja. Após a pastagem ocorreu um maior número de aranhas construtoras de teia em lençol, em contraste às corredoras no solo após a colheita da soja. Os modelos lineares sustentam que a abundância e riqueza de aranhas do solo é fortemente influenciada pela altura do pasto, principalmente após a pastagem. No entanto, após a colheita da soja, os resíduos vegetais adicionados ao solo pela pastagem de inverno, ainda exercem influência e determinam, com menores valores, a variação na abundância das aranhas em função da altura do pasto. A redução na intensificação do manejo do pasto beneficia a abundância e riqueza de aranhas no Sistema Integrado de Produção Agropecuária.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilAgronomiaUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do SoloCentro de Ciências RuraisJacques, Rodrigo Josemar Seminotihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7125174529787074Dambros, Cristian de Saleshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4109250841061137Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopeshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2582036415131155Freiberg, Joice Aline2018-08-09T21:02:33Z2018-08-09T21:02:33Z2017-07-20info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/14044porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2018-08-09T21:02:33Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/14044Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2018-08-09T21:02:33Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Efeito da intensidade de pastejo na estrutura da comunidade de aranhas do solo
Effect of grazing intensity on community structure of soil spider
title Efeito da intensidade de pastejo na estrutura da comunidade de aranhas do solo
spellingShingle Efeito da intensidade de pastejo na estrutura da comunidade de aranhas do solo
Freiberg, Joice Aline
Araneae
Biodiversidade do solo
Fauna do solo
Intensificação sustentável
Araneae
Soil biodiversity
Soil fauna
Sustainable intensification
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
title_short Efeito da intensidade de pastejo na estrutura da comunidade de aranhas do solo
title_full Efeito da intensidade de pastejo na estrutura da comunidade de aranhas do solo
title_fullStr Efeito da intensidade de pastejo na estrutura da comunidade de aranhas do solo
title_full_unstemmed Efeito da intensidade de pastejo na estrutura da comunidade de aranhas do solo
title_sort Efeito da intensidade de pastejo na estrutura da comunidade de aranhas do solo
author Freiberg, Joice Aline
author_facet Freiberg, Joice Aline
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Jacques, Rodrigo Josemar Seminoti
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7125174529787074
Dambros, Cristian de Sales
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4109250841061137
Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2582036415131155
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Freiberg, Joice Aline
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Araneae
Biodiversidade do solo
Fauna do solo
Intensificação sustentável
Araneae
Soil biodiversity
Soil fauna
Sustainable intensification
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
topic Araneae
Biodiversidade do solo
Fauna do solo
Intensificação sustentável
Araneae
Soil biodiversity
Soil fauna
Sustainable intensification
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
description Soil fauna assumes a strategic role as a bioindicator of the level of intensification that can be put to agroecosystem. Soil spiders can help understanding the effects of farming practices on systems that seek to combine the land use intensification with sustainability. This study aimed to know the structure of soil spider community in Integrated Crop-Livestock System (ICLS), constituted by soybean-pasture succession and submitted to different grazing intensities. The study was conducted in ICLS, São Miguel das Missões/RS, which since its establishment in 2001 is cultivated with the succession of black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) for continuous grazing of cattle in the winter and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] for grains production in the summer. The experiment comprises a total area approximately 23 hectares, divided into 14 plots that range from 0.8 to 3.6 hectares, according to the treatments applied. The treatments are based on four sward height management: 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm and areas without grazing (SP) as controls. The spiders were sampled with pitfall traps in two years and in two seasons: immediately after the exit of cattle from pasture, in November 2014 and 2015; and immediately after the soybean harvest in May 2015 and 2016. Total abundance, abundance of juveniles, males and females, and richness of species, families and guilds were evaluated. The effects of sward height on abundance and richness were examined through covariance analysis by linear regression models. The composition of the spider community was evaluated through presence and absence patterns of species, families and guilds according to the environmental gradient using the 'Poncho' function. Variance analyzes were performed to families, species and guilds composition, after grazing and after soybean, through the multivariate analysis of variance using Bray-Curtis distance matrices ('adonis'). A total of 3,055 spiders were collected, classified into 23 families and 45 species. Families, species, and guilds composition differed significantly between pasture and soybean. Linyphiidae and Theridiidae were more abundant after pasture, while Theridiidae and Lycosidae were more abundant after soybean. Ostearius melanopygius (O. Pickard- Cambridge, 1880) and Mermessus sp. were more frequent after pasture, while Styposis selis Levi, 1964 and Metaltella simoni (Keyserling, 1878) were more frequent after soybean. A larger number of sheet web builders were found after pasture, in contrast to the ground runners after the soybean harvest. Linear models suggest that the abundance and richness of soil spiders is strongly influenced by sward height management, especially after pasture. However, after the soybean harvest, the vegetal residues added to the soil by the winter pasture, still exert influence and determine, with smaller values, the variation in spider abundance. The reduction in intensification of grazing management benefits the abundance and richness of spiders in Integrated Crop-Livestock System.
publishDate 2017
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2017-07-20
2018-08-09T21:02:33Z
2018-08-09T21:02:33Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
format masterThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/14044
url http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/14044
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Brasil
Agronomia
UFSM
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo
Centro de Ciências Rurais
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Brasil
Agronomia
UFSM
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo
Centro de Ciências Rurais
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
instacron:UFSM
instname_str Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
instacron_str UFSM
institution UFSM
reponame_str Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
collection Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
repository.name.fl_str_mv Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com
_version_ 1805922072278335488