Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2016 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/1822/42438 |
Resumo: | Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection caused by Candida species that affects millions of women every year. Although Candida albicans is the main cause of VVC, the identification of non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species, especially Candida glabrata, as the cause of this infection, appears to be increasing. The development of VVC is usually attributed to the disturbance of the balance between Candida vaginal colonization and host environment by physiological or nonphysiological changes. Several host-related and behavioral risk factors have been proposed as predisposing factors for VVC. Host-related factors include pregnancy, hormone replacement, uncontrolled diabetes, immunosuppression, antibiotics, glucocorticoids use and genetic predispositions. Behavioral risk factors include use of oral contraceptives, intrauterine device, spermicides and condoms and some habits of hygiene, clothing and sexual practices. Despite a growing list of recognized risk factors, much remains to be elucidated as the role of host versus microorganisms, in inducing VVC and its recurrence. Thus, this review provides information about the current state of knowledge on the risk factors that predispose to VVC, also including a revision of the epidemiology and microbiology of VVC, as well as of Candida virulence factors associated with vaginal pathogenicity. |
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Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factorsBehavioral factorsCandida specieshost factorsvaginal infectionvirulence factorsScience & TechnologyVulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection caused by Candida species that affects millions of women every year. Although Candida albicans is the main cause of VVC, the identification of non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species, especially Candida glabrata, as the cause of this infection, appears to be increasing. The development of VVC is usually attributed to the disturbance of the balance between Candida vaginal colonization and host environment by physiological or nonphysiological changes. Several host-related and behavioral risk factors have been proposed as predisposing factors for VVC. Host-related factors include pregnancy, hormone replacement, uncontrolled diabetes, immunosuppression, antibiotics, glucocorticoids use and genetic predispositions. Behavioral risk factors include use of oral contraceptives, intrauterine device, spermicides and condoms and some habits of hygiene, clothing and sexual practices. Despite a growing list of recognized risk factors, much remains to be elucidated as the role of host versus microorganisms, in inducing VVC and its recurrence. Thus, this review provides information about the current state of knowledge on the risk factors that predispose to VVC, also including a revision of the epidemiology and microbiology of VVC, as well as of Candida virulence factors associated with vaginal pathogenicity.The authors report no declarations of interest. This study was supported by the Programa Operacional, Fatores de competitividade – COMPETE and by national funds through FCT – Fundac¸a ˜o para a Cie ˆncia e a Tecnologia on the scope of the projects FCT PTDC/EBB-EBI/120495/2010, RECI/EBBEBI/0179/2012 and PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013. The authors thank the Project ‘‘BioHealth – Biotechnology and Bioengineering approaches to improve health quality,’’ Ref. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000027, co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2 – O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER.Informa HealthcareUniversidade do MinhoGonçalves, B.Ferreira, C.Alves, CarlosHenriques, MarianaAzeredo, JoanaSilva, Sónia Carina20162016-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/1822/42438engGonçalves, B.; Ferreira, C.; Alves, Carlos; Henriques, Mariana; Azeredo, Joana; Silva, Sónia Carina, Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 42(6), 905-927, 20161040-841X1549-782810.3109/1040841X.2015.109180526690853http://informahealthcare.com/journal/mbyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-21T12:16:28Zoai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/42438Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T19:09:00.394449Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors |
title |
Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors |
spellingShingle |
Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors Gonçalves, B. Behavioral factors Candida species host factors vaginal infection virulence factors Science & Technology |
title_short |
Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors |
title_full |
Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors |
title_fullStr |
Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors |
title_sort |
Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors |
author |
Gonçalves, B. |
author_facet |
Gonçalves, B. Ferreira, C. Alves, Carlos Henriques, Mariana Azeredo, Joana Silva, Sónia Carina |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Ferreira, C. Alves, Carlos Henriques, Mariana Azeredo, Joana Silva, Sónia Carina |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade do Minho |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Gonçalves, B. Ferreira, C. Alves, Carlos Henriques, Mariana Azeredo, Joana Silva, Sónia Carina |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Behavioral factors Candida species host factors vaginal infection virulence factors Science & Technology |
topic |
Behavioral factors Candida species host factors vaginal infection virulence factors Science & Technology |
description |
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection caused by Candida species that affects millions of women every year. Although Candida albicans is the main cause of VVC, the identification of non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species, especially Candida glabrata, as the cause of this infection, appears to be increasing. The development of VVC is usually attributed to the disturbance of the balance between Candida vaginal colonization and host environment by physiological or nonphysiological changes. Several host-related and behavioral risk factors have been proposed as predisposing factors for VVC. Host-related factors include pregnancy, hormone replacement, uncontrolled diabetes, immunosuppression, antibiotics, glucocorticoids use and genetic predispositions. Behavioral risk factors include use of oral contraceptives, intrauterine device, spermicides and condoms and some habits of hygiene, clothing and sexual practices. Despite a growing list of recognized risk factors, much remains to be elucidated as the role of host versus microorganisms, in inducing VVC and its recurrence. Thus, this review provides information about the current state of knowledge on the risk factors that predispose to VVC, also including a revision of the epidemiology and microbiology of VVC, as well as of Candida virulence factors associated with vaginal pathogenicity. |
publishDate |
2016 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2016 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/1822/42438 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1822/42438 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Gonçalves, B.; Ferreira, C.; Alves, Carlos; Henriques, Mariana; Azeredo, Joana; Silva, Sónia Carina, Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 42(6), 905-927, 2016 1040-841X 1549-7828 10.3109/1040841X.2015.1091805 26690853 http://informahealthcare.com/journal/mby |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Informa Healthcare |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Informa Healthcare |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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1799132514011316224 |