Conflicts and Management Perceptions Between Native and Non-Native Residents of Four Beaches in Ecuador / Conflitos e Percepção de Residentes Nativos e Não Nativos em Relação ao Manejo Ambiental em Quatro Praias do Equador

• Autor(a) principal: Manner-Baldeon, Fanny
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Outros Autores: Icaza-Moran, María Fernanda
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Rosa dos Ventos (Caxias do Sul)
• Texto Completo: http://www.ucs.br/etc/revistas/index.php/rosadosventos/article/view/5411
• topic: Tourism; Tourism. Turismo. Beach Tourism. Turismo de Sol-e-Mar. Resident. Residente. Ecuador. Equador.

ABSTRACTBy conducting an exploratory research, 705 surveys were collected along four sandy beaches in Ecuador: Ayangue, Chipipe, Olon and Puerto Engabao, chosen because of their unequal levels of tourism development. A correlation study takes into account the perception of native and non-native residents and as a result environmental conflicts affected most residents from Ayangue, Olon and Puerto Engabao, and physical conflicts mainly affected residents from Chipipe.  Also, according to the perceptions of native and non-native residents on beach management, only in Olon both groups considerate a community management while in the other beaches, the preferences varied between national, regional and community management. Finally, the Chi-Square tests show non-relation between the conflicts and the place of origin. However, in terms of management, there is significant relation between this aspect and their native land. This study aims to contribute to beach management research considering residents as a heterogeneous group. KEYWORDSTourism. Beach Tourism. Resident. Ecuador. RESUMOA presente pesquisa, exploratória com 705 questionários respondidos, foi aplicada em quatro praias do Equador - Ayangue, Chipipe, Olon e Puerto Engabao -, escolhidas considerando-se seus níveis desiguais de desenvolvimento turístico. Estudo de correlação levou em consideração a percepção dos residentes nativos e não-nativos e, como resultado, constatou-se que conflitos ambientais afetaram a maioria dos moradores de Ayangue, Olon e Puerto Engabao, e conflitos sociais afetaram principalmente os moradores de Chipipe. Além disso, de acordo com as percepções dos residents, nativos e não nativos, sobre o manejo das praias, somente em Olon ambos os grupos consideram a possibilidade de um manejo comunitário, enquanto nas demais, as preferências variaram entre manejo federal, regional e comunitário. Por fim, o Qui-Quadrado mostrou não-relação entre os conflitos e o local de origem. No entanto, em termos de gestão, existe uma relação significativa entre este aspecto e a terra natal dos sujeitos. Este estudo visa contribuir para a pesquisa sobre manejo de praias, considerando os moradores como um grupo heterogêneo.PALAVRAS-CHAVETurismo. Turismo de Sol-e-Mar. Residente. Equador. AUTORASFanny Manner-Baldeon – Mestra. Professora e pesquisadora na Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Samborondon, Guayas, Ecuador. Currículo: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0946-0890. E-mail: [e-mail][1]María Fernanda Icaza-Moran – Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Equador. E-mail: [e-mail] REFERENCIASAaker, J. & Schmitt, B. (2001). Culture-dependent assimilation and differentiation of the self: preferences for consumption symbols in the United States and China. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 32(5), 561-576. LinkAndereck, K. L., & Nyaupane, G. P. (2010). Exploring the nature of tourism and quality of life perceptions among residents. Journal of Travel Research, 50(3), 248-260. LinkBiggs, D., Hall, C. M., & Stoeckl, N. (2012). The resilience of formal and informal tourism enterprises to disasters: reef tourism in Phuket, Thailand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(5), 645-665. LinkBotero, C. & Hurtado, Y. (2009). Tourist Beach Sorts as a classification tool for integrated beach management in Latin America. International Approaches of Coastal Research in Theory and Practice Coastline Reports, 13, 133-142. LinkBowen, R. & Riley, C. (2003). Socio-economic indicators and integrated coastal management. Ocean & Coastal Management, 46 (1), 299-312. LinkBreton, F., Clapes, J., Marques, A. & Priestle, G. K. (1996). The recreational use of beaches and consequences for the development of new trends in management: the case of the beaches of the metropolitan region of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). Ocean & Coastal Management, 32(3), 153-180. LinkBrunt, P. & Courtney, P. (1999). Host perceptions of sociocultural impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3), 493-515. LinkBestard, A. B. & Nadal, J. R. (2007). Modelling environmental attitudes toward tourism.  Tourism Management, 28(3), 688-695. LinkCervantes, O., Espejel, I., Arellano, E. & Delhumeau, S. (2008). Users’ perception as a tool to improve urban beach planning and management. Journal of Environmental Management, 42(2), 249-264. LinkConcu, N. & Atzenib, G. (2011). Conflicting preferences among tourists and residents. Tourism Management, 33(6), 1293-1300. LinkCoser, L. A. (1956). The functions of social conflict. London: Routledge.Moscoso, A. P. D., Loyola, J. I. L. & Quijano, C. R. (2009). Creación de un manual que permita medir la presión en centros turísticos de playa en el Ecuador: caso Salinas. Monografia, Faculdad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. LinkDiedrich, A. & García -Buades, E. (2009). Local perceptions of tourism as indicators of destination decline. Tourism Management, 30(4), 512 -521. LinkGari, S. R., Newton, A. & Icely, J. D. (2014). A review of the application and evolution of the DPSIR framework with an emphasis on coastal social-ecological systems. Ocean & Coastal Management, 103(1), 63-77. LinkGheskierea, T., Vincx, M., Urban-Malinga, B., Rossano, C., Scapini F. & Degraera S. (2005) Nematodes from wave-dominated sandy beaches: diversity, zonation patterns and testing of the isocommunities concept. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 62(1), 365-375. LinkHall, C. M. (2001). Trends in ocean and coastal tourism: the end of the last frontier?. Ocean & Coastal Management, 44(9-10), 601-618. LinkHoney, M. & Krantz, D. (2007). Global trends in coastal tourism. Washington D.C.: Marine Program World Wildlife Fund. LinkJennings, S. (2004). Coastal tourism and shoreline management. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4), 899-922. LinkKo, D. W. & Stewart, W. P. (2002). A structural equation model of residents' attitudes for tourism development. Tourism Management, 23(5), 521-530. LinkLankford, S. V. (1994). Attitudes and perceptions toward tourism and rural regional development. Journal of Travel Research, 32(3), 35-43. LinkLindberg, K. & Johnson, R. L. (1997). Modeling resident attitudes toward tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 402-424. LinkLópez-Hernández, F. & Mercader, S. (2015). Perceived impact of tourism by the resident population in Torrevieja: national versus non-national residents, Spain. European Journal of Tourism Research, 10(1), 120-126. LinkLozoya, J., Sardá, R. & Jiménez, J. (2014). Users expectations and the need for differential beach management frameworks along the Costa Brava: urban vs. natural protected beaches. Land Use Policy, 38(1), 397-414. LinkMaguire, G., Miller, K., Weston, M. & Young, K. (2011). Being beside the seaside: Beach use and preferences among coastal residents of south-eastern Australia. Ocean & Coastal Management, 54(1), 781–788. LinkMarin, V., Palmisani, F., Ivaldi, R., Dursi, R. & Fabiano, M. (2009). Users’ perceptions analyses for sustainable beach management in Italy. Ocean & Coastal Management, 52(5), 268-277. LinkMason, P. & Cheyne, J. (2000). Residents attitudes to proposed tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(2), 391-411. LinkMcLachlan, A., Defeo, O., Jaramillo, E. & Short, A. (2013). Sandy beach conservation and recreation: Guidelines for optimizing management strategies for multi-purpose use. Ocean & Coastal Management, 71(1), 250-268. Link.McLachlan, R., Gilfillan, G. & Gordon, J. (2013). Deep and Persistent Disadvantage in Australia. Camberra, Australia. Australian Government Productivity Commission Staff Working Paper. LinkMicallef, A. & Williams, A. (2004). Application of a novel approach to beach classification in the Maltese Islands. Ocean & Coastal Management, 47(5/6), 225-242. LinkMinisterio de Turismo del Ecuador. (2007). Plan Estratégico de Desarrollo Sostenible del Turismo, Plandetur 2020. Quito: Tourism and Leisure Consulting Group. LinkOh C., Draper, J. & Dixon, A. (2010). Comparing resident and tourist preferences for public beach access and related amenities. Ocean & Coastal Management, 53(5/6), 245-251. LinkOjeda-Martínez, C., Casalduero, F. G., Bayle-Sempere, J. T., Cebrian, C. B., Valle, C., Sanchez-Lizaso, J. L. & Salas, F. (2009). A conceptual framework for the integral management of marine protected areas. Ocean & Coastal Management, 52(2), 89-101. LinkPaksoy, P. & Çolakoğlu, N. (2014). Beach management & analysis of visitors’ remarks, Turkey. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 3(30). LinkPhillips, M., & House, C. (2009). An evaluation of priorities for beach tourism: Case studies from South Wales, UK. Tourism Management, 30(2), 176-183. LinkRoca, E., Villares, M. & Ortego, M. (2009). Assessing public perceptions on beach quality according to beach users’ profile: A case study in the Costa Brava (Spain). Tourism Management 30(2) 598-607. LinkRoig-Munar, F. X., Martín-Prieto, J. A., Rodríguez-Perea, A., Pons, G. X., Gelabert, B. & Mir-Gual, M. (2012). Risk assessment of beach-dune system erosion: beach management impacts on the Balearic Islands. Journal of Coastal Research, 28(6), 1488-1499. LinkSheldon, P. J. & Abenoja, T. (2001) Resident attitudes in a mature destination: the case of Waikiki. Tourism Management, 22(5), 435-443. LinkSimmel, G. (1955). Conflict. New York: Free Press.Sinkovicz, R. & Penz, E. (2009). Social distance between residents and international tourists--Implications for international business. International Business Review, 18(5), 457-469. LinkSmith, P. & Bond, M. (1999). Social psychology across cultures. Allyn & Bacon: Needham Heights.Tudor, D. T. & Williams, A. T. (2006). A rationale for beach selection by the public on the coast of Wales, UK. Area, 38(2), 153-164. LinkUnited Nations World Tourism Organization (2010). Sustainable tourism governance and management in coastal areas of Africa. Madrid: UNWTO. LinkUnited Nations Environment Programme (2009). Sustainable Coastal tourism: An integrated planning and management approach. Paris: Unep. LinkVaz, B., Pereira Da Silva, C., Phillips M. & Williams, A. (2009). The importance of user’s perception for beach management, Portugal. Journal of Coastal Research, 56(1), 1161-1168. LinkVeal, A. (2006). Research methods for leisure and tourism: a practical guide. New York: Prentice Hall, Financial Times.Villares, M., Roca, E., Serra, J. & Montori, C. (2006). Social perception as a tool for beach planning: a case study on the Catalan coast. Journal of Coastal Research, 48(1), 118-123. LinkWesley, A. & Pforr, C. (2010). The governance of coastal tourism: Unraveling the layers of complexity at Smiths Beach, Western Australia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(6), 773-792. LinkWilliams, A., Micallef, A., Anfuso, G. & Gallego-Fernandez, J. (2011). Andalusia, Spain: an assessment of coastal scenary. Landscape Research, 37(3), 327-349. LinkXie, H., Bao, J. & Kerstetter, D. (2012). Examining the effects of tourism impacts on satisfaction with tourism between native and non-native residents. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(1), 241-249. LinkProcesso Editoral: Recebido: 13 MAR 2018; Avaliado: MAR; Aceite: 9 ABR 2018