Global mortality from firearms, 1990-2016

• Autor(a) principal: Mohsen Naghavi
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Outros Autores: Khurshid Alam, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Haftay Berhane Mezgebe, Ted R. Miller, Shafiu Mohammed, Maziar Moradi-lakeh, Rintaro Mori, Devina Nand, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Quyen le Nguyen, Suliman a. Alghnam, Neal d. Futran, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Reyna Alma Gutiérrez, Molly Miller-petrie, Nima Hafezi-nejad, Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli, Gessessew Bugssa Hailu, Josep Maria Haro, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Joseph S. Salama, Caitlin Hawley, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Delia Hendrie, Martha Híjar, Guoqing hu, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Spencer l. James, Sudha Jayaraman, Juan Sanabria, Jost b. Jonas, Amaha Kahsay, Andrew t. Olagunju, Amir Kasaeian, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Yousef Khader, Ibrahim a. Khalil, Young-ho Khang, Nadia Akseer, Jagdish Khubchandani, Olatunde Aremu, Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri, Christian Kieling, Yun Jin Kim, George c. Patton, Soewarta Kosen, Kristopher j. Krohn, g. Anil Kumar, Faris Hasan Lami, Van c. Lansingh, Heidi Jane Larson, Milena m. Santric Milicevic, Rajaa m. Al-raddadi, Shai Linn, Raimundas Lunevicius, Hassan Magdy Abd el Razek, Michael r. Phillips, Muhammed Magdy Abd el Razek, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Amanda j. Mason-jones, Richard Matzopoulos, Rodrigo Sarmiento-suárez, Peter t. n. Memiah, Walter Mendoza, Félix Carvalho, Suzanne Polinder, Farshad Pourmalek, Mostafa Qorbani, Afarin Rahimi-movaghar, Vafa Rahimi-movaghar, Mahfuzar Rahman, Carl Abelardo t. Antonio, Benn Sartorius, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Ali Rowhani-rahbar, Mahdi Safdarian, Saeid Safiri, Rajesh Sagar, Maheswar Satpathy, David c. Schwebel, Soraya Seedat, Sadaf g. Sepanlou, Diego de Leo, Masood Ali Shaikh, Nigussie Tadesse Sharew, Ivy Shiue, Amit Arora, Jasvinder a. Singh, Mekonnen Sisay, Vegard Skirbekk, Adauto Martins Soares Filho, Dan j. Stein, Mark Andrew Stokes, Katya Anne Shackelford, Mu?awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Mamta Swaroop, Bryan l. Sykes, Rafael Tabarés-seisdedos, Mohsen Asadi-lari, Fentaw Tadese, Bach Xuan Tran, Tung Thanh Tran, Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Vasily Vlassov, Andrea Werdecker, Pengpeng ye, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Reza Assadi, Mustafa z. Younis, Zoubida Zaidi, Maysaa el Sayed Zaki, Simon i. Hay, Eric l. Ding, Stephen s. Lim, Alan d. Lopez, Ali h. Mokdad, Theo Vos, Christopher j. l. Murray, Tesfay Mehari Atey, Leticia Avila-burgos, Ashish Awasthi, Laurie b. Marczak, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Huyen Phuc do, Suzanne Lyn Barker-collo, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Shahrzad Bazargan-hejazi, Masoud Behzadifar, Meysam Behzadifar, James r. Bennett, Ashish Bhalla, Zulfiqar a. Bhutta, Arebu Issa Bilal, Michael Kutz, David Teye Doku, Guilherme Borges, Rohan Borschmann, Alexandra Brazinova, Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon, Carlos a. Castañeda-orjuela, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Paul i. Dargan, Kerrie e. Doyle, Tim Robert Driscoll, Dumessa Edessa, Ziad El-khatib, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Aman Yesuf Endries, Alireza Esteghamati, Megha Arora, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Valery l. Feigin, Florian Fischer, Kyle j. Foreman, Richard Charles Franklin, Nancy Fullman
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMG
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/52620; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-5734
• topic: Firearms; Violence; Homicides; Suicide; Armas de fogo; Violência com Arma de Fogo; Suicídio; Violência

IMPORTANCE Understanding global variation in firearm mortality rates could guide prevention policies and interventions. OBJECTIVE To estimate mortality due to firearm injury deaths from 1990 to 2016 in 195 countries and territories. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used deidentified aggregated data including 13 812 location-years of vital registration data to generate estimates of levels and rates of death by age-sex-year-location. The proportion of suicides in which a firearm was the lethal means was combined with an estimate of per capita gun ownership in a revised proxy measure used to evaluate the relationship between availability or access to firearms and firearm injury deaths. EXPOSURES Firearm ownership and access. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cause-specific deaths by age, sex, location, and year. RESULTS Worldwide, it was estimated that 251 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI],195 000-276 000) people died from firearm injuries in 2016, with 6 countries (Brazil, United States, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Guatemala) accounting for 50.5% (95% UI, 42.2%-54.8%) of those deaths. In 1990, there were an estimated 209 000 (95% UI, 172 000 to 235 000) deaths from firearm injuries. Globally, the majority of firearm injury deaths in 2016 were homicides (64.0% [95% UI, 54.2%-68.0%]; absolute value, 161 000 deaths [95% UI, 107 000-182 000]); additionally, 27% were firearm suicide deaths (67 500 [95% UI, 55 400-84 100]) and 9% were unintentional firearm deaths (23 000 [95% UI, 18 200-24 800]). From 1990 to 2016, there was no significant decrease in the estimated global age-standardized firearm homicide rate (−0.2% [95% UI, −0.8% to 0.2%]). Firearm suicide rates decreased globally at an annualized rate of 1.6% (95% UI, 1.1-2.0), but in 124 of 195 countries and territories included in this study, these levels were either constant or significant increases were estimated. There was an annualized decrease of 0.9% (95% UI, 0.5%-1.3%) in the global rate of age-standardized firearm deaths from 1990 to 2016. Aggregate firearm injury deaths in 2016 were highest among persons aged 20 to 24 years (for men, an estimated 34 700 deaths [95% UI, 24 900-39 700] and for women, an estimated 3580 deaths [95% UI, 2810-4210]). Estimates of the number of firearms by country were associated with higher rates of firearm suicide (P < .001; R2 = 0.21) and homicide (P < .001; R2 = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study estimated between 195 000 and 276 000 firearm injury deaths globally in 2016, the majority of which were firearm homicides. Despite an overall decrease in rates of firearm injury death since 1990, there was variation among countries and across demographic subgroups.