Resili?ncia, autoefic?cia e o estresse percebido: um estudo no contexto da forma??o do oficial do ex?rcito brasileiro

• Autor(a) principal: Lima, Thaynara Carvalho de
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
• Texto Completo: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/5000
• topic: Resili?ncia; Autoefic?cia; Estresse Percebido; Escalas; Militar; Resilience; Self-efficacy; Perceived Stress; Scales; Military; Psicologia

Resilience is a socioemotional competence that allows flexibility to adverse situations, being strongly associated with a greater repertoire of adaptive psychomotor responses to stressors. It is the capacity to face, overcome and transform in the face of experiences evaluated as negative. Self-efficacy is in belief in personal capacities. The feeling of personal competence is in line with self-esteem; positive emotions and resilience. There is a proportional correlation between belief in abilities and behavior that is influenced by the marks of good results. Self-efficacy and resilience contribute to the best evaluation of adverse circumstances, helping the subject to deal with the situation and reducing its negative effects. Already the perceived stress is conditioned to the evaluation of the environmental stimuli and their demands with the personal resources to face them. The fact may be faced by one individual as a challenge, and by another as a threat. Perceived stress combines emotion, cognition, and behavior. Subjects with low self-belief possibly perceived stress will have higher levels of self-efficacy, resilience, and good coping strategies. The military profession is an activity that incurs rapid decision making, physical and mental exhaustion and risk of death, conditions conducive to stress. However being 'stressed' is a state desirable to the military. Physiological stress allows rapid action, hyperprosexia, aggressiveness, energy for the cells, anesthesia and analgesia of the body. However, coupled with the condition of constant excitability in the practice of the profession, it is essential to develop protective factors that will limit the body tension, ensuring their health. Maladaptive, transient, or permanent stress responses include misconduct or various disorders such as depression, panic syndrome, and anxiety-related disorders. The present research sought to understand the association of resilience and self-efficacy with the stress perceived in the military in formation at Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras-AMAN. In order to fulfill the intent, evaluation instruments adapted to the military context were necessary. For the evaluation of Resilience, the CD RISC BR scale was applied to 1.384 military personnel from the four years of AMAN, after the application, the data were analyzed by AMOS 19 (Analysis of Moment Structures) and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) to judge the most appropriate model in the context of AMAN. The statistical indices (X2 / gl, GFI, AGFI, RMR, IFC, TLI and RMSEA) obtained were within acceptable values for human evaluation instruments. The scale adapted to Brazil has 25 items and 4 factors (Adaptability, Tenacity, Social Protection and Intuition), the version adapted to AMAN was 18 items and two factors (Adaptability and Tenacity). The Perceived General Self-Efficacy scale was applied to 245 cadets of the first and second year of training, the instrument chosen was an English, 10-item scale, adapted to Brazil with a sample of university students. The application data in AMAN were correlated with the other instruments without change in their items. In order to measure perceived stress, the perceived stress scale was constructed from focal groups with cadets representing the four years of training, which discussed the most stressful aspects of the officer training course. The responses of the participants of the group comprised the 36 assertions of the scale. Exploratory Factorial Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling, carried out with the help of the software program AMOS 19, resulted in three possible scale models: a reduced one-factor scale with 10 items; extended single-factor scale with 22 items and multifactorial scale with three dimensions (family distance, coping with challenges and lack of free time) with 17 items. For validation purposes, the scale was applied to 1,306 cadets of the four years of training. Statistical testing reached acceptable values for validation in the AMAN context, and the results showed a strong correlation between the stress scale and the other instruments applied in this investigation. It was concluded that the aforementioned evaluative instruments were validated and adapted for future diagnoses in the context of the Brazilian Army's military training, and the data showed that the applicants with high means in the instruments of resilience and self-efficacy obtained low means in the perceived stress scale. The research noted the importance of resilience and self-efficacy as competence and feeling, respectively, promoters of adaptive stress responses to military activities.