Marxist analysis of elements of the conception of science in the main philosophers of Science Education’s: ontological and epistemological aspects

• Autor(a) principal: Valero, Rafaela
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Outros Autores: Leonardo Júnior, Carlos Sérgio, Massi, Luciana, Gomes, Lucas Bombarda Marques
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de Física (Online)
• Texto Completo: https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/fisica/article/view/86571
• topic: Science Philosophers; Ontology; Epistemology; History and Philosophy of Science; Filósofos da Ciência; Ontologia; Epistemologia; História e Filosofia da Ciência

This article seeks to interpret elements of the conception of science in the main philosophers of science adopted by our research area in disciplines, events and debates on the history and philosophy of science. They are: Comte, Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn, Bachelard, Feyerabend and Latour. Our analysis is based on categories of historical-dialectical materialism. We chose a collection composed of the main works of philosophers, articles by researchers in ??Science Education that present and synthesize their ideas and critical works of Marxists on philosophers. We present our analyzes in two parts: the first one brings discussions about conceptions of reality; the second one addresses questions about the way in which reality is known. In the ontological aspect, the ideas are marked by different types of idealism, which are the result of the primacy of formal logic. In the epistemological discussions, we identified the overvaluation of the subject in the scientific reflection, in which the universal is understood as a product of the knowing consciousness and not an objective category of the real. Based on historical-dialectical materialism, we defend that reality exists despite our conscience; that it is possible to know it; that science is configured as an achievement of the human race; and that this corroborates its presence in school education.