Qualidade do solo em sistemas de integração lavoura, pecuária e floresta em Sinop, MT

• Autor(a) principal: Moreira, Guilherme Musse
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5540
• topic: Solos - Manejo; Física do solo; Fertilidade do solo; Agrossilvipastoril; Soil - Management; Soil physics; Soil fertility; Agrosilvopastoral; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

Integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems (ILPF) have been widely studied, disseminated and used in Brazil as a new proposal for land use in Brazilian agriculture. These systems have the advantages of improve land use, increase production and profitability per area, provide greater diversity of components, and provide better utilization of nutrients. In this context, the soil component within these systems is crucial for the success of this activity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the soil chemical and physical characteristics under integrated crop-livestock-forest systems in comparison with other land use systems, as well to promote a detailed analysis of the tree component within the ILPF system and propose a soil sampling method specific for this system. The study was carried out in an integrated crop-livestock-forestry system and other land use and management systems with single crops in the experimental area of Embrapa Agrosilvopastoril, located in the municipality of Sinop, Northern Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The treatments evaluated were five land use systems: planted forest, crop-livestock- forestry integration, crop, pasture, and native forest as a control in a randomized block design. The physical soil properties were evaluated in two layers, 0-10 and 10- 20 cm depth, and the chemical attributes were evaluated in four layers 0-5 , 5-10 , 10-20 and 20-30 cm depth. In the ILPF system, soil samples were collected at different positions relative to the row of Eucalyptus, 0, 3 , 6, 10 and 15 meters in the both sides of the row, with each distance being considered as an independent treatment. One year after the establishment of the experiment, no variation was found in the physical attributes related to particle size and little variation in those related to structure with effect on soil quality, which was most notable in the crop treatment. The soil resistance to penetration was the most worrying factor regarding to soil quality management in the evaluated systems. The soil in the planted forest and ILPF treatments showed quality nearest to native forest in the most superficial layer. The assessment of chemical attributes showed that the variations in the cropping systems reflected the fertilizations. The treatments crop and ILPF presented the highest levels of P and K. There was great variability in the Ca and Mg contents among the systems. The native forest showed the worst soil fertility among all systems, except for organic matter and cation exchange capacity. There was reduction in the contents of nutrients and organic carbon stock in depth. Carbon stocks were higher in the native forest in all layers evaluated. The analysis of the ILFP system showed that there was no influence of the eucalyptus row on the nutrient contents in the south and the north faces. However, when assessing only the positions of the north face, the K content was higher near the row in the upper layers and the Al and m index had the same behavior in the lower layers.