Antibiofilm effect of chlorhexidine-carrier nanosystem based on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles and chitosan

• Main Author: Vieira, Ana Paula Miranda [UNESP]
• Publication Date: 2019
• Other Authors: Arias, Laís Salomão [UNESP], de Souza Neto, Francisco Nunes [UNESP], Kubo, Andressa Mayumi, Lima, Bruno Henrique Ramos, de Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues, Pessan, Juliano Pelim [UNESP], Delbem, Alberto Carlos Botazzo [UNESP], Monteiro, Douglas Roberto [UNESP]
• Format: Article
• Language: eng
• Source: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Download full: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.023; http://hdl.handle.net/11449/188367
• topic: Biofilms; Candida albicans; Chlorhexidine; Drug delivery systems; Magnetic nanoparticles; Streptococcus mutans

This study synthesized and characterized a chlorhexidine (CHX)-carrier nanosystem based on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) and chitosan (CS), and evaluated its antimicrobial effect on mono- and dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. CHX was directly solubilized in CS-coated IONPs and maintained under magnetic stirring for obtaining the IONPs-CS-CHX nanosystem. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for planktonic cells was performed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the nanosystem and controls. The effects of the IONPs-CS-CHX nanosystem on the formation of mono- and dual-species biofilms, as well as on pre-formed biofilms were assessed by quantification of total biomass, metabolic activity and colony-forming units. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis’ test or one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls’ or Holm-Sidak's tests (α = 0.05), respectively. Physico-chemical results confirmed the formation of a nanosystem with a size smaller than 40 nm. The IONPs-CS-CHX nanosystem and free CHX showed similar MIC values for both species analyzed. In general, biofilm quantification assays revealed that the CHX nanosystem at 78 μg/mL promoted similar or superior antibiofilm effects compared to its counterpart at 39 μg/mL and free CHX at 78 μg/mL. These findings highlight the potential of CS-coated IONPs as preventive or therapeutic agents carrying CHX to fight biofilm-associated oral diseases.