Avaliação do uso de analgésicos no tratamento da dor operatória em diferentes especialidades cirúrgicas no ambiente hospitalar

• Autor(a) principal: Fabro, Paulo Rodrigo
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Universitário da Ânima (RUNA)
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.animaeducacao.com.br/handle/ANIMA/15157
• topic: Cirurgia; Analgésicos; Dor

When treated improperly in the surgical stages, pain may induce the release of stress-linked chemical mediators, which lead to pulmonary, cardiovascular, metabolic, urinary, neuroendocrine, and gastrointestinal complications. Objective: To evaluate the use of analgesics for operative pain management following cardiac and orthopedic surgeries, with emphasis on the prevalence and possible adverse effects caused by these analgesics, as well as examine a pain-rating scale in these patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 401 patients aged 18 years and over who had undergone elective cardiac or orthopedic surgery, between July and October 2016. Results: A total of 401 patients were surveyed, of whom 226 (54.4%) were men and 175 (43.6%) were women. A total of 313 (78.1%) orthopedic surgeries and 88 (21.9%) cardiac surgeries were examined. Regarding the medications used in the preoperative stages, a combination of tramadol and dipyrone 15 (3.7%) was the most commonly used. During the intraoperative phase, more potent medications were administered, with emphasis on fentanyl 77 (19.2%). In the postoperative period, a combination of tramadol and dipyrone was the medication most commonly administered, with 136 (33.9%) occurrences. The majority of patients had no adverse effects. Regarding the numerical pain-rating scale, 352 (87.8%) reported mild pain, whereas 49 (12.2%) reported moderate pain. Women (17.7%) reported more pain than men (8%), and patients who reported more intense pain were also those who had more adverse effects (50%). Conclusion: In the treatment of operative pain, the use of non-opioid analgesics, especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory were the most commonly used drugs. In the preoperative and postoperative phases, a combination of non-opioids with weaker opioids was predominant, whereas in the intraoperative phase, stronger opioids are the most commonly used analgesics. The majority of the patients neither reported adverse effects, nor complained of pain that exceeded the moderate level. Therefore, pain management was considered adequate for these patients.