Degradação do concreto armado, seus mecanismos e patologias

• Autor(a) principal: Matos, Júlio de
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Universitário da Ânima (RUNA)
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.animaeducacao.com.br/handle/ANIMA/4552
• topic: Concreto Armado; Estrutura; Degradação; Patologia

The invention of reinforced concrete made possible the design of large structures such as infrastructure, commercial buildings, and housing projects. This technological advance has allowed efficient use of concrete for large spans, which has become the most economically viable and widespread method used worldwide. Over the years, concerns about the quality of concrete have shifted from how to obtain a material with high resistance to compression, to the current major problem, which is how to obtain a highly durable material that will last between 50-100 years or more while withstanding environmental aggressions. In Brazil, this scenario is no different, with the overwhelming majority of structures built with reinforced concrete, usually located in coastal environments. Understanding de relationship between the materials used, the mechanisms of transport of aggressive agents, the mechanisms of deterioration, and the environment with the appearance of pathological symptoms in concrete structures is fundamental for the design of durable structures in an increasingly competitive market. This work concludes that in order to obtain a durable reinforced concrete it is necessary to take preventive measures in the design and execution phases, take measures to minimize the effects of the transport mechanisms of aggressive agents to reinforced concrete, reduce the solubility of compounds present in the hydrated cement paste such as calcium hydroxide, carry out technological control in the use of materials, proper use of the structures and preventive maintenance in order to extend the lifespan of the concrete structures. This work was written based on bibliographic research, citing books by renowned authors and scientific research on the subject. Chapter 2 addresses the chemical composition of Portland cement, hydration reactions, the conceptualization of durability, and the lifespan of concrete structures. Chapter 3 deals with environmental aggressiveness, especially the reaction of seawater on concrete, mechanisms that act in the transport of harmful agents to concrete, and the mechanisms of deterioration including harmful physical and chemical reactions caused by aggressive agents. Finally chapter 4 discusses the most common pathological symptoms, caused by deterioration mechanisms, and evaluation methods for the detection of pathological agents.