Comparative assessment of ambient air quality in two urban areas adjacent to petroleum downstream/upstream facilities in Kuwait
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2008 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering |
Texto Completo: | http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-66322008000400006 |
Resumo: | Air quality data (ground level ozone (O3), NO, NOx, SO2, CO, H2S and NH3) of two Kuwaiti urban areas adjacent to petroleum processing facilities, Fahaheel and Al-Riqa, were analyzed and compared to evaluate: (1) the exceedances of the Kuwait Environment Public Authority (KUEPA) air quality limits, (2) primary air pollution sources and their contribution to the ambient load, (3) diurnal patterns of air pollutants and (4) the "weekend effect"on O3 levels. High O3 levels, above the threshold limit for human health, were observed in both urban areas. CO, NOx and NO levels in Fahaheel were higher than in Al-Riqa. Combustion sources (which exist close to Fahaheel) drive both NOx and NO diurnal patterns in both areas. Emissions from downstream facilities and the activity of Fahaheel highway affect the CO levels in the areas. Concentration roses were plotted for annual durations to examine the primary dominant sources of air pollution in both study areas. By establishing a Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model around the two receptor points in both areas, it was revealed that the downstream facilities sector was the main contributor of air pollutants in Fahaheel. CMB model gave a 70% average contribution of the sector to the Fahaheel receptor point. However, 70% of the total contribution of the studied sources in Al-Riqa urban area was from the traffic and line sources side. The examination of the rate of O3 accumulation, during the high O3 period in Kuwait (April-October), revealed the occurrence of two phases, a fast and a slow one, with different durations in each urban area. Regression equations were used to study the midweek effect of O3 levels. This study supports the hypothesis that O3 weekend variation is due to an NOx emission difference between weekends and weekdays and VOCs sensitivity. |
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Comparative assessment of ambient air quality in two urban areas adjacent to petroleum downstream/upstream facilities in KuwaitO3, NO, CO, SO2Weekend effectChemical Mass BalanceConcentration rosesAir quality data (ground level ozone (O3), NO, NOx, SO2, CO, H2S and NH3) of two Kuwaiti urban areas adjacent to petroleum processing facilities, Fahaheel and Al-Riqa, were analyzed and compared to evaluate: (1) the exceedances of the Kuwait Environment Public Authority (KUEPA) air quality limits, (2) primary air pollution sources and their contribution to the ambient load, (3) diurnal patterns of air pollutants and (4) the "weekend effect"on O3 levels. High O3 levels, above the threshold limit for human health, were observed in both urban areas. CO, NOx and NO levels in Fahaheel were higher than in Al-Riqa. Combustion sources (which exist close to Fahaheel) drive both NOx and NO diurnal patterns in both areas. Emissions from downstream facilities and the activity of Fahaheel highway affect the CO levels in the areas. Concentration roses were plotted for annual durations to examine the primary dominant sources of air pollution in both study areas. By establishing a Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model around the two receptor points in both areas, it was revealed that the downstream facilities sector was the main contributor of air pollutants in Fahaheel. CMB model gave a 70% average contribution of the sector to the Fahaheel receptor point. However, 70% of the total contribution of the studied sources in Al-Riqa urban area was from the traffic and line sources side. The examination of the rate of O3 accumulation, during the high O3 period in Kuwait (April-October), revealed the occurrence of two phases, a fast and a slow one, with different durations in each urban area. Regression equations were used to study the midweek effect of O3 levels. This study supports the hypothesis that O3 weekend variation is due to an NOx emission difference between weekends and weekdays and VOCs sensitivity.Brazilian Society of Chemical Engineering2008-12-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-66322008000400006Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering v.25 n.4 2008reponame:Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineeringinstname:Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Química (ABEQ)instacron:ABEQ10.1590/S0104-66322008000400006info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAl-Salem,S. M.Khan,A R.eng2008-11-24T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S0104-66322008000400006Revistahttps://www.scielo.br/j/bjce/https://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.phprgiudici@usp.br||rgiudici@usp.br1678-43830104-6632opendoar:2008-11-24T00:00Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Química (ABEQ)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Comparative assessment of ambient air quality in two urban areas adjacent to petroleum downstream/upstream facilities in Kuwait |
title |
Comparative assessment of ambient air quality in two urban areas adjacent to petroleum downstream/upstream facilities in Kuwait |
spellingShingle |
Comparative assessment of ambient air quality in two urban areas adjacent to petroleum downstream/upstream facilities in Kuwait Al-Salem,S. M. O3, NO, CO, SO2 Weekend effect Chemical Mass Balance Concentration roses |
title_short |
Comparative assessment of ambient air quality in two urban areas adjacent to petroleum downstream/upstream facilities in Kuwait |
title_full |
Comparative assessment of ambient air quality in two urban areas adjacent to petroleum downstream/upstream facilities in Kuwait |
title_fullStr |
Comparative assessment of ambient air quality in two urban areas adjacent to petroleum downstream/upstream facilities in Kuwait |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparative assessment of ambient air quality in two urban areas adjacent to petroleum downstream/upstream facilities in Kuwait |
title_sort |
Comparative assessment of ambient air quality in two urban areas adjacent to petroleum downstream/upstream facilities in Kuwait |
author |
Al-Salem,S. M. |
author_facet |
Al-Salem,S. M. Khan,A R. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Khan,A R. |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Al-Salem,S. M. Khan,A R. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
O3, NO, CO, SO2 Weekend effect Chemical Mass Balance Concentration roses |
topic |
O3, NO, CO, SO2 Weekend effect Chemical Mass Balance Concentration roses |
description |
Air quality data (ground level ozone (O3), NO, NOx, SO2, CO, H2S and NH3) of two Kuwaiti urban areas adjacent to petroleum processing facilities, Fahaheel and Al-Riqa, were analyzed and compared to evaluate: (1) the exceedances of the Kuwait Environment Public Authority (KUEPA) air quality limits, (2) primary air pollution sources and their contribution to the ambient load, (3) diurnal patterns of air pollutants and (4) the "weekend effect"on O3 levels. High O3 levels, above the threshold limit for human health, were observed in both urban areas. CO, NOx and NO levels in Fahaheel were higher than in Al-Riqa. Combustion sources (which exist close to Fahaheel) drive both NOx and NO diurnal patterns in both areas. Emissions from downstream facilities and the activity of Fahaheel highway affect the CO levels in the areas. Concentration roses were plotted for annual durations to examine the primary dominant sources of air pollution in both study areas. By establishing a Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model around the two receptor points in both areas, it was revealed that the downstream facilities sector was the main contributor of air pollutants in Fahaheel. CMB model gave a 70% average contribution of the sector to the Fahaheel receptor point. However, 70% of the total contribution of the studied sources in Al-Riqa urban area was from the traffic and line sources side. The examination of the rate of O3 accumulation, during the high O3 period in Kuwait (April-October), revealed the occurrence of two phases, a fast and a slow one, with different durations in each urban area. Regression equations were used to study the midweek effect of O3 levels. This study supports the hypothesis that O3 weekend variation is due to an NOx emission difference between weekends and weekdays and VOCs sensitivity. |
publishDate |
2008 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2008-12-01 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-66322008000400006 |
url |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-66322008000400006 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1590/S0104-66322008000400006 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
text/html |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Brazilian Society of Chemical Engineering |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Brazilian Society of Chemical Engineering |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering v.25 n.4 2008 reponame:Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering instname:Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Química (ABEQ) instacron:ABEQ |
instname_str |
Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Química (ABEQ) |
instacron_str |
ABEQ |
institution |
ABEQ |
reponame_str |
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering |
collection |
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Química (ABEQ) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
rgiudici@usp.br||rgiudici@usp.br |
_version_ |
1754213172696317952 |