Influence of the sodium content on the reactivity of carbon anodes
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2008 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Materials research (São Carlos. Online) |
Texto Completo: | http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-14392008000300025 |
Resumo: | Spent anodes, denominated butts in the aluminum industry, are recycled as part of the raw material used to produce new anodes. The fragmentation of the butt generates some sodium-rich powder, which is captured and included in the recycled material. This paper evaluates the influence of sodium content on anode reactivity. Six formulations with 0 to 25% butt powder were used. An average increase of 48 ppm of sodium from one to another formulation caused average increments of 3.38 and 2.72% for air and CO2 reactivity, respectively. The quality-related figures varied from 1.34 to 1.12 for CO2 and from 1.10 to 0.62 for air, showing quality loss in higher sodium content and higher impact on air reactivity. The Fischer formula predicted a carbon specific consumption of - 48.47 kg.t-1 Al for baked carbon anodes with 127 ppm to 367 ppm of sodium content, showing that the sodium can cause relevant carbon losses and increase costs of the aluminum production. |
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Influence of the sodium content on the reactivity of carbon anodesbuttaluminumspent anodeanode reactivitySpent anodes, denominated butts in the aluminum industry, are recycled as part of the raw material used to produce new anodes. The fragmentation of the butt generates some sodium-rich powder, which is captured and included in the recycled material. This paper evaluates the influence of sodium content on anode reactivity. Six formulations with 0 to 25% butt powder were used. An average increase of 48 ppm of sodium from one to another formulation caused average increments of 3.38 and 2.72% for air and CO2 reactivity, respectively. The quality-related figures varied from 1.34 to 1.12 for CO2 and from 1.10 to 0.62 for air, showing quality loss in higher sodium content and higher impact on air reactivity. The Fischer formula predicted a carbon specific consumption of - 48.47 kg.t-1 Al for baked carbon anodes with 127 ppm to 367 ppm of sodium content, showing that the sodium can cause relevant carbon losses and increase costs of the aluminum production.ABM, ABC, ABPol2008-09-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-14392008000300025Materials Research v.11 n.3 2008reponame:Materials research (São Carlos. Online)instname:Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)instacron:ABM ABC ABPOL10.1590/S1516-14392008000300025info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessBatista,Jefferson dos SantosSilveira,Benedito Inácio daeng2008-10-29T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S1516-14392008000300025Revistahttp://www.scielo.br/mrPUBhttps://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.phpdedz@power.ufscar.br1980-53731516-1439opendoar:2008-10-29T00:00Materials research (São Carlos. Online) - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Influence of the sodium content on the reactivity of carbon anodes |
title |
Influence of the sodium content on the reactivity of carbon anodes |
spellingShingle |
Influence of the sodium content on the reactivity of carbon anodes Batista,Jefferson dos Santos butt aluminum spent anode anode reactivity |
title_short |
Influence of the sodium content on the reactivity of carbon anodes |
title_full |
Influence of the sodium content on the reactivity of carbon anodes |
title_fullStr |
Influence of the sodium content on the reactivity of carbon anodes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of the sodium content on the reactivity of carbon anodes |
title_sort |
Influence of the sodium content on the reactivity of carbon anodes |
author |
Batista,Jefferson dos Santos |
author_facet |
Batista,Jefferson dos Santos Silveira,Benedito Inácio da |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Silveira,Benedito Inácio da |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Batista,Jefferson dos Santos Silveira,Benedito Inácio da |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
butt aluminum spent anode anode reactivity |
topic |
butt aluminum spent anode anode reactivity |
description |
Spent anodes, denominated butts in the aluminum industry, are recycled as part of the raw material used to produce new anodes. The fragmentation of the butt generates some sodium-rich powder, which is captured and included in the recycled material. This paper evaluates the influence of sodium content on anode reactivity. Six formulations with 0 to 25% butt powder were used. An average increase of 48 ppm of sodium from one to another formulation caused average increments of 3.38 and 2.72% for air and CO2 reactivity, respectively. The quality-related figures varied from 1.34 to 1.12 for CO2 and from 1.10 to 0.62 for air, showing quality loss in higher sodium content and higher impact on air reactivity. The Fischer formula predicted a carbon specific consumption of - 48.47 kg.t-1 Al for baked carbon anodes with 127 ppm to 367 ppm of sodium content, showing that the sodium can cause relevant carbon losses and increase costs of the aluminum production. |
publishDate |
2008 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2008-09-01 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-14392008000300025 |
url |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-14392008000300025 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1590/S1516-14392008000300025 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
text/html |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
ABM, ABC, ABPol |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
ABM, ABC, ABPol |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Materials Research v.11 n.3 2008 reponame:Materials research (São Carlos. Online) instname:Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) instacron:ABM ABC ABPOL |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) |
instacron_str |
ABM ABC ABPOL |
institution |
ABM ABC ABPOL |
reponame_str |
Materials research (São Carlos. Online) |
collection |
Materials research (São Carlos. Online) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Materials research (São Carlos. Online) - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
dedz@power.ufscar.br |
_version_ |
1754212658954895360 |