Brazilian female crack users show elevated serum aluminum levels
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2007 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry (São Paulo. 1999. Online) |
Texto Completo: | http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462007000100012 |
Resumo: | OBJECTIVE: There is no information in the literature on the impact of crack smoking using crushed aluminum cans as makeshift pipes, a common form of crack use in Brazil. Since aluminum intake is associated with neurological damage, we measured serum aluminum levels in crack smokers. The objective of this study was to ascertain the levels of aluminum in crack users who smoke on makeshift aluminum pipes. METHOD: 71 female crack smokers, their mean age being 28.0 (± 7.7), provided information about their drug use, and had blood samples tested for serum aluminum level. RESULTS: 56 (79%) subjects smoked crack from crushed can pipes, while 15 (21%) smoked from other containers. Fifty-two (73.2%) out of the 71 subjects presented a serum aluminum level of 2 µg/l and 13 (18.3%) had a serum aluminum level of 6 µg/l cut-off point, which is above the reference value. When compared to non-drug users matched by their mean age and gender, they had similar median values and interquartile ranges for serum aluminum level [3 (2-4.6) for crack smokers; 2.9 (1.6-4.1) for controls], but with different means and standard deviations (4.7 ± 4.9 and 2.9 ± 1.7, respectively). DISCUSSION: Crack smokers have high serum aluminum level, but we are unsure of its complete association with aluminum cans. Further studies are needed. If such association is proven true in future research, further issues will be raised in dealing with this important disorder, including proper planning and evaluation of public health policies in this area. |
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Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry (São Paulo. 1999. Online) |
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Brazilian female crack users show elevated serum aluminum levelsAluminumCrack cocainePublic healthToxicitySerumOBJECTIVE: There is no information in the literature on the impact of crack smoking using crushed aluminum cans as makeshift pipes, a common form of crack use in Brazil. Since aluminum intake is associated with neurological damage, we measured serum aluminum levels in crack smokers. The objective of this study was to ascertain the levels of aluminum in crack users who smoke on makeshift aluminum pipes. METHOD: 71 female crack smokers, their mean age being 28.0 (± 7.7), provided information about their drug use, and had blood samples tested for serum aluminum level. RESULTS: 56 (79%) subjects smoked crack from crushed can pipes, while 15 (21%) smoked from other containers. Fifty-two (73.2%) out of the 71 subjects presented a serum aluminum level of 2 µg/l and 13 (18.3%) had a serum aluminum level of 6 µg/l cut-off point, which is above the reference value. When compared to non-drug users matched by their mean age and gender, they had similar median values and interquartile ranges for serum aluminum level [3 (2-4.6) for crack smokers; 2.9 (1.6-4.1) for controls], but with different means and standard deviations (4.7 ± 4.9 and 2.9 ± 1.7, respectively). DISCUSSION: Crack smokers have high serum aluminum level, but we are unsure of its complete association with aluminum cans. Further studies are needed. If such association is proven true in future research, further issues will be raised in dealing with this important disorder, including proper planning and evaluation of public health policies in this area.Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria2007-03-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462007000100012Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry v.29 n.1 2007reponame:Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry (São Paulo. 1999. Online)instname:Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP)instacron:ABP10.1590/S1516-44462006005000034info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessPechansky,FlavioKessler,Felix Henrique PaimDiemen,Lisia vonBumaguin,Daniela BenzanoSurratt,Hilary LInciardi,James Aeng2008-01-18T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S1516-44462007000100012Revistahttp://www.bjp.org.br/ahead_of_print.asphttps://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.php||rbp@abpbrasil.org.br1809-452X1516-4446opendoar:2008-01-18T00:00Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry (São Paulo. 1999. Online) - Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Brazilian female crack users show elevated serum aluminum levels |
title |
Brazilian female crack users show elevated serum aluminum levels |
spellingShingle |
Brazilian female crack users show elevated serum aluminum levels Pechansky,Flavio Aluminum Crack cocaine Public health Toxicity Serum |
title_short |
Brazilian female crack users show elevated serum aluminum levels |
title_full |
Brazilian female crack users show elevated serum aluminum levels |
title_fullStr |
Brazilian female crack users show elevated serum aluminum levels |
title_full_unstemmed |
Brazilian female crack users show elevated serum aluminum levels |
title_sort |
Brazilian female crack users show elevated serum aluminum levels |
author |
Pechansky,Flavio |
author_facet |
Pechansky,Flavio Kessler,Felix Henrique Paim Diemen,Lisia von Bumaguin,Daniela Benzano Surratt,Hilary L Inciardi,James A |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Kessler,Felix Henrique Paim Diemen,Lisia von Bumaguin,Daniela Benzano Surratt,Hilary L Inciardi,James A |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pechansky,Flavio Kessler,Felix Henrique Paim Diemen,Lisia von Bumaguin,Daniela Benzano Surratt,Hilary L Inciardi,James A |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Aluminum Crack cocaine Public health Toxicity Serum |
topic |
Aluminum Crack cocaine Public health Toxicity Serum |
description |
OBJECTIVE: There is no information in the literature on the impact of crack smoking using crushed aluminum cans as makeshift pipes, a common form of crack use in Brazil. Since aluminum intake is associated with neurological damage, we measured serum aluminum levels in crack smokers. The objective of this study was to ascertain the levels of aluminum in crack users who smoke on makeshift aluminum pipes. METHOD: 71 female crack smokers, their mean age being 28.0 (± 7.7), provided information about their drug use, and had blood samples tested for serum aluminum level. RESULTS: 56 (79%) subjects smoked crack from crushed can pipes, while 15 (21%) smoked from other containers. Fifty-two (73.2%) out of the 71 subjects presented a serum aluminum level of 2 µg/l and 13 (18.3%) had a serum aluminum level of 6 µg/l cut-off point, which is above the reference value. When compared to non-drug users matched by their mean age and gender, they had similar median values and interquartile ranges for serum aluminum level [3 (2-4.6) for crack smokers; 2.9 (1.6-4.1) for controls], but with different means and standard deviations (4.7 ± 4.9 and 2.9 ± 1.7, respectively). DISCUSSION: Crack smokers have high serum aluminum level, but we are unsure of its complete association with aluminum cans. Further studies are needed. If such association is proven true in future research, further issues will be raised in dealing with this important disorder, including proper planning and evaluation of public health policies in this area. |
publishDate |
2007 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2007-03-01 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462007000100012 |
url |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462007000100012 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1590/S1516-44462006005000034 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
text/html |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry v.29 n.1 2007 reponame:Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry (São Paulo. 1999. Online) instname:Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP) instacron:ABP |
instname_str |
Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP) |
instacron_str |
ABP |
institution |
ABP |
reponame_str |
Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry (São Paulo. 1999. Online) |
collection |
Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry (São Paulo. 1999. Online) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry (São Paulo. 1999. Online) - Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
||rbp@abpbrasil.org.br |
_version_ |
1754212553753362432 |