Improvement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Coelho, Paulo Marcos Zech
Data de Publicação: 2016
Outros Autores: Siqueira, Liliane Maria Vidal, Grenfell, Rafaella Fortini Queiroz, Almeida, Nathalie Bonatti Franco, Katz, Naftale, Oliveira, Áureo Almeida de, Carneiro, Nídia Francisca de Figueiredo, Oliveira, Edward Jose de
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)
Texto Completo: https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/23764
Resumo: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Rene Rachou. Laboratorio de Esquistosomosse. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
id CRUZ_28776234c64cf2b660a087f5477f5fe3
oai_identifier_str oai:www.arca.fiocruz.br:icict/23764
network_acronym_str CRUZ
network_name_str Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)
repository_id_str 2135
spelling Coelho, Paulo Marcos ZechSiqueira, Liliane Maria VidalGrenfell, Rafaella Fortini QueirozAlmeida, Nathalie Bonatti FrancoKatz, NaftaleOliveira, Áureo Almeida deCarneiro, Nídia Francisca de FigueiredoOliveira, Edward Jose de2017-12-22T16:48:46Z2017-12-22T16:48:46Z2016COELHO, Paulo Marcos Zech Et al. Improvement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace. PLoS Negl Trop Dis., v. 10, n. 6, art. e0004778, 20161935-2735https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/2376410.1371/journal.pntd.0004778engPublic Library of ScienceUrinaUrineLyophilizationParasitologySchistosomiasisSchistosoma mansoniHookwormsParasitic diseasesDiagnostic medicineImprovement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Traceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Rene Rachou. Laboratorio de Esquistosomosse. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Rene Rachou. Laboratorio de Esquistosomosse. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Rene Rachou. Laboratorio de Esquistosomosse. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil/University of Georgia. College of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Infectious Diseases. Athens, GA, United States of AmericaFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Rene Rachou. Laboratorio de Esquistosomosse. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Rene Rachou. Laboratorio de Esquistosomosse. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Rene Rachou. Laboratorio de Esquistosomosse. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilPrefeitura de Montes Claros. Centro de Controle de Zoonoses. Montes Claros, MG, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Rene Rachou. Laboratorio de Pesquisas Clinicas. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilBACKGROUND: Accurate diagnostic techniques for schistosomiasis are essential for prevalence determination and identification of positive patients. A point-of-care test for detecting schistosome circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) has been evaluated for its accuracy in different endemic regions. This reagent strip/dipstick based assay has showed high sensitivity for individuals with high or moderate worm burden, but the interpretation of light infections is less clear, especially for trace readings METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We introduced a urine lyophilization step to the POC-CCA assay to improve its sensitivity and clarify the interpretation of traces. We evaluated POC-CCA sensitivity and specificity within individuals with low parasite burdens in a Brazilian endemic area where a high number of traces were detected. Patients that were positive for other helminths were also evaluated for cross reactions. In all cases, a combined parasitological diagnosis using Kato-Katz (24 slides) and Saline Gradient (1 g of feces) were used as reference. At baseline, diagnosis by POC-CCA (1–2 cassettes) showed 6% sensitivity, inaccurately predicting a low prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infections (2 POC-CCA positives/32 egg positives). After urine lyophilization, the sensitivity was increased significantly (p < 0.05). Prevalence rates changed from 2% to 32% (27 POC-CCA positives/32 egg positives), equivalent to parasitological techniques. Most of the trace readings changed to positive after lyophilization while some negatives turned into traces. Cross reaction analysis confirmed the specificity of POC-CCA. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Trace readings cannot be primarily defined as positive or negative cases. It is critical to verify case-by-case by concentrating urine 10 fold by lyophilization for the diagnosis. Following lyophilization, persistent trace readings should be read as negatives. No trained technician is needed and cost is restricted to the cost of a lyophilizer and the electricity to run it.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)instname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)instacron:FIOCRUZLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83082https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/23764/1/license.txt9193a7c197bc67acd023525e72a03240MD51ORIGINALImprovement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden_ Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace.pdfImprovement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden_ Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace.pdfapplication/pdf1006918https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/23764/2/Improvement%20of%20POC-CCA%20Interpretation%20by%20Using%20Lyophilization%20of%20Urine%20from%20Patients%20with%20Schistosoma%20mansoni%20Low%20Worm%20Burden_%20Towards%20an%20Elimination%20of%20Doubts%20about%20the%20Concept%20of%20Trace.pdf0eb0d38e53116a498e7a9e558a3185b1MD52TEXTImprovement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden_ Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace.pdf.txtImprovement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden_ Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain45241https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/23764/3/Improvement%20of%20POC-CCA%20Interpretation%20by%20Using%20Lyophilization%20of%20Urine%20from%20Patients%20with%20Schistosoma%20mansoni%20Low%20Worm%20Burden_%20Towards%20an%20Elimination%20of%20Doubts%20about%20the%20Concept%20of%20Trace.pdf.txt6a5c4e91b3b77c9c4802ba3fc47b4508MD53icict/237642019-06-19 10:12:18.219oai:www.arca.fiocruz.br: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Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.arca.fiocruz.br/oai/requestrepositorio.arca@fiocruz.bropendoar:21352019-06-19T13:12:18Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)false
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv Improvement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace
title Improvement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace
spellingShingle Improvement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace
Coelho, Paulo Marcos Zech
Urina
Urine
Lyophilization
Parasitology
Schistosomiasis
Schistosoma mansoni
Hookworms
Parasitic diseases
Diagnostic medicine
title_short Improvement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace
title_full Improvement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace
title_fullStr Improvement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace
title_full_unstemmed Improvement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace
title_sort Improvement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace
author Coelho, Paulo Marcos Zech
author_facet Coelho, Paulo Marcos Zech
Siqueira, Liliane Maria Vidal
Grenfell, Rafaella Fortini Queiroz
Almeida, Nathalie Bonatti Franco
Katz, Naftale
Oliveira, Áureo Almeida de
Carneiro, Nídia Francisca de Figueiredo
Oliveira, Edward Jose de
author_role author
author2 Siqueira, Liliane Maria Vidal
Grenfell, Rafaella Fortini Queiroz
Almeida, Nathalie Bonatti Franco
Katz, Naftale
Oliveira, Áureo Almeida de
Carneiro, Nídia Francisca de Figueiredo
Oliveira, Edward Jose de
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Coelho, Paulo Marcos Zech
Siqueira, Liliane Maria Vidal
Grenfell, Rafaella Fortini Queiroz
Almeida, Nathalie Bonatti Franco
Katz, Naftale
Oliveira, Áureo Almeida de
Carneiro, Nídia Francisca de Figueiredo
Oliveira, Edward Jose de
dc.subject.other.pt_BR.fl_str_mv Urina
topic Urina
Urine
Lyophilization
Parasitology
Schistosomiasis
Schistosoma mansoni
Hookworms
Parasitic diseases
Diagnostic medicine
dc.subject.en.pt_BR.fl_str_mv Urine
Lyophilization
Parasitology
Schistosomiasis
Schistosoma mansoni
Hookworms
Parasitic diseases
Diagnostic medicine
description Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Rene Rachou. Laboratorio de Esquistosomosse. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
publishDate 2016
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2016
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2017-12-22T16:48:46Z
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2017-12-22T16:48:46Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv COELHO, Paulo Marcos Zech Et al. Improvement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace. PLoS Negl Trop Dis., v. 10, n. 6, art. e0004778, 2016
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/23764
dc.identifier.issn.pt_BR.fl_str_mv 1935-2735
dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004778
identifier_str_mv COELHO, Paulo Marcos Zech Et al. Improvement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace. PLoS Negl Trop Dis., v. 10, n. 6, art. e0004778, 2016
1935-2735
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004778
url https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/23764
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library of Science
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library of Science
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)
instname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)
instacron:FIOCRUZ
instname_str Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)
instacron_str FIOCRUZ
institution FIOCRUZ
reponame_str Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)
collection Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/23764/1/license.txt
https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/23764/2/Improvement%20of%20POC-CCA%20Interpretation%20by%20Using%20Lyophilization%20of%20Urine%20from%20Patients%20with%20Schistosoma%20mansoni%20Low%20Worm%20Burden_%20Towards%20an%20Elimination%20of%20Doubts%20about%20the%20Concept%20of%20Trace.pdf
https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/23764/3/Improvement%20of%20POC-CCA%20Interpretation%20by%20Using%20Lyophilization%20of%20Urine%20from%20Patients%20with%20Schistosoma%20mansoni%20Low%20Worm%20Burden_%20Towards%20an%20Elimination%20of%20Doubts%20about%20the%20Concept%20of%20Trace.pdf.txt
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 9193a7c197bc67acd023525e72a03240
0eb0d38e53116a498e7a9e558a3185b1
6a5c4e91b3b77c9c4802ba3fc47b4508
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio.arca@fiocruz.br
_version_ 1822791531495424000

Registros relacionados