Broken noses for the gods: ritual battles in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2006 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA) |
Texto Completo: | https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/57079 |
Resumo: | Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. |
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Lessa, AndreaSouza, Sheila Maria Ferraz Mendonça de2023-02-15T21:56:44Z2023-02-15T21:56:44Z2006LESSA, Andrea; SOUZA, Sheila Maria Ferraz Mendonça de. Broken noses for the gods: ritual battles in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, v. 101, Supl. II, p. 133-138, 2006.0074-0276https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/5707910.1590/S0074-027620060010000201678-8060engFiocruz/IOCBroken noses for the gods: ritual battles in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku periodinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.The sample consists of 226 skulls from the Atacameño cemetery of Coyo Oriente (639-910 AD), associated with the Tiwanaku period. The authors analyzed signs of acute trauma typically associated with violence, and the results were 12% of men and 9.9% of women displaying any type of lesion related to violence. In males, concentration of these non-lethal lesions in the nasal region (10.4%) as opposed to a random distribution over the entire skull (1.6%), suggests that the blows were struck during rituals. The cultural context of this period, with a strong ideological influence from Tiwanaku, supports the ritual hypothesis, since both the ethnographic as well as archeological records point to the existence of non-lethal violent bleeding with ritual beating to the face. Such rituals persist to this day among certain Andean populations. Among women, the most plausible hypothesis for the lesions (3.9% in the skull, 4.9% in the nasal bones, and 0.9% in the face) is domestic conflicts, since they show a random distribution. Previous studies with other Atacameño samples had indicated the same results for women.PalaeoepidemiologyAcute traumaNasal fracturesRitual fightsCoyo OrienteTiwanakuSan Pedro de Atacamainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)instname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)instacron:FIOCRUZLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82991https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/57079/1/license.txt5a560609d32a3863062d77ff32785d58MD51ORIGINALLessa_Andrea_etal_ENSP_2006.pdfLessa_Andrea_etal_ENSP_2006.pdfapplication/pdf686225https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/57079/2/Lessa_Andrea_etal_ENSP_2006.pdf9da08b84d574de1f0f1b6c760da84921MD52icict/570792023-04-11 11:33:45.476oai:www.arca.fiocruz.br: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ório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.arca.fiocruz.br/oai/requestrepositorio.arca@fiocruz.bropendoar:21352023-04-11T14:33:45Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)false |
dc.title.en_US.fl_str_mv |
Broken noses for the gods: ritual battles in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period |
title |
Broken noses for the gods: ritual battles in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period |
spellingShingle |
Broken noses for the gods: ritual battles in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period Lessa, Andrea Palaeoepidemiology Acute trauma Nasal fractures Ritual fights Coyo Oriente Tiwanaku San Pedro de Atacama |
title_short |
Broken noses for the gods: ritual battles in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period |
title_full |
Broken noses for the gods: ritual battles in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period |
title_fullStr |
Broken noses for the gods: ritual battles in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period |
title_full_unstemmed |
Broken noses for the gods: ritual battles in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period |
title_sort |
Broken noses for the gods: ritual battles in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period |
author |
Lessa, Andrea |
author_facet |
Lessa, Andrea Souza, Sheila Maria Ferraz Mendonça de |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Souza, Sheila Maria Ferraz Mendonça de |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Lessa, Andrea Souza, Sheila Maria Ferraz Mendonça de |
dc.subject.en.en_US.fl_str_mv |
Palaeoepidemiology Acute trauma Nasal fractures Ritual fights Coyo Oriente Tiwanaku San Pedro de Atacama |
topic |
Palaeoepidemiology Acute trauma Nasal fractures Ritual fights Coyo Oriente Tiwanaku San Pedro de Atacama |
description |
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. |
publishDate |
2006 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2006 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2023-02-15T21:56:44Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2023-02-15T21:56:44Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
LESSA, Andrea; SOUZA, Sheila Maria Ferraz Mendonça de. Broken noses for the gods: ritual battles in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, v. 101, Supl. II, p. 133-138, 2006. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/57079 |
dc.identifier.issn.en_US.fl_str_mv |
0074-0276 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1590/S0074-02762006001000020 |
dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv |
1678-8060 |
identifier_str_mv |
LESSA, Andrea; SOUZA, Sheila Maria Ferraz Mendonça de. Broken noses for the gods: ritual battles in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, v. 101, Supl. II, p. 133-138, 2006. 0074-0276 10.1590/S0074-02762006001000020 1678-8060 |
url |
https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/57079 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
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eng |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Fiocruz/IOC |
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Fiocruz/IOC |
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reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA) instname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) instacron:FIOCRUZ |
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