Ecological analysis of the distribution and socio-spatial context of homicides in Porto Alegre, Brazil
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2006 |
Outros Autores: | , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA) |
Texto Completo: | https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/621 |
Resumo: | Over the last decade, the number of homicides in Porto Alegre has increased to the point where external causes are now the main group of causes of death in the 5–34-year age group. Preventing these deaths depends fundamentally on identifying factors related to excess violence in population groups. The overall aim of this study is to analyse the spatial distribution of homicide victims by place of residence in Porto Alegre, the capital of the southernmost Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul, in 1996, in order to identify and understand the socio-spatial context. Demographic and socioeconomic indicators based on the 1991 census and 1996 population count were used to build a multivariate classification characterizing the 1851 census tracts. Homicides occurring in 1996 were located using the municipality’s Geographic Information System. Four socioeconomic groups were identified, mainly differentiated by housing indicators. Small areas on the urban periphery in which slums (favelas) are concentrated presented higher homicide rates. Homicide rates were lower in the two groups with higher income and educational level. The second step was to classify the census tracts according to the homicide indicator. In this case, areas were differentiated by the number of household inhabitants per room, income, schooling, and median age. We conclude that the multivariate socioeconomic classification presents a limited capacity to identify populations exposed to homicides, suggesting that socioeconomic conditions themselves do not determine violent behaviour. On the other hand, the spatial methods allowed us to identify small areas where deaths are concentrated and whose populations should receive special attention in planning measures to prevent violent deaths. |
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Santos, Simone M.Barcellos, Christovam de CastroCarvalho, Marilia Sá2010-08-23T16:58:32Z2010-11-04T14:20:05Z2010-11-04T14:20:05Z2010-08-23T16:58:32Z2006SANTOS, Simone M.; BARCELLOS, Christovam de Castro; CARVALHO, Marilia Sá. Ecological analysis of the distribution and socio-spatial context of homicides in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Health & Place, Exford, v. 12, p. 38-47, 2006.https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/621Over the last decade, the number of homicides in Porto Alegre has increased to the point where external causes are now the main group of causes of death in the 5–34-year age group. Preventing these deaths depends fundamentally on identifying factors related to excess violence in population groups. The overall aim of this study is to analyse the spatial distribution of homicide victims by place of residence in Porto Alegre, the capital of the southernmost Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul, in 1996, in order to identify and understand the socio-spatial context. Demographic and socioeconomic indicators based on the 1991 census and 1996 population count were used to build a multivariate classification characterizing the 1851 census tracts. Homicides occurring in 1996 were located using the municipality’s Geographic Information System. Four socioeconomic groups were identified, mainly differentiated by housing indicators. Small areas on the urban periphery in which slums (favelas) are concentrated presented higher homicide rates. Homicide rates were lower in the two groups with higher income and educational level. The second step was to classify the census tracts according to the homicide indicator. In this case, areas were differentiated by the number of household inhabitants per room, income, schooling, and median age. We conclude that the multivariate socioeconomic classification presents a limited capacity to identify populations exposed to homicides, suggesting that socioeconomic conditions themselves do not determine violent behaviour. On the other hand, the spatial methods allowed us to identify small areas where deaths are concentrated and whose populations should receive special attention in planning measures to prevent violent deaths.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Center for Scientific and Technological Information. Department of Health Information Research. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Center for Scientific and Technological Information. Department of Health Information Research. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca. Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.engElsevier Ltd.Ecological analysis of the distribution and socio-spatial context of homicides in Porto Alegre, Brazilinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleViolenceHomicideQuality of life indicatorsGeographic information systemSpatial analysisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)instname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)instacron:FIOCRUZORIGINALBARCELLOS_Homicides in Porto Alegre_2006.pdfapplication/pdf538061https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/621/1/BARCELLOS_Homicides%20in%20Porto%20Alegre_2006.pdf472cc6dc70dcc0ac30a81f4724eeba21MD51LICENSElicense.txttext/plain1848https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/621/2/license.txtc9743dca50d0a464e1be88daf0af27c6MD52TEXTBARCELLOS_Homicides in Porto Alegre_2006.pdf.txtBARCELLOS_Homicides in Porto Alegre_2006.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain35313https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/621/5/BARCELLOS_Homicides%20in%20Porto%20Alegre_2006.pdf.txt695d587b570ed1c6f1771b4560dd5e40MD55THUMBNAILBARCELLOS_Homicides in Porto Alegre_2006.pdf.jpgBARCELLOS_Homicides in Porto Alegre_2006.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg2131https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/621/4/BARCELLOS_Homicides%20in%20Porto%20Alegre_2006.pdf.jpg908c2f0a96dfc4ed9bef05ae470b82b4MD54icict/6212023-08-03 12:17:41.298oai:www.arca.fiocruz.br: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ório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.arca.fiocruz.br/oai/requestrepositorio.arca@fiocruz.bropendoar:21352023-08-03T15:17:41Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)false |
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Ecological analysis of the distribution and socio-spatial context of homicides in Porto Alegre, Brazil |
title |
Ecological analysis of the distribution and socio-spatial context of homicides in Porto Alegre, Brazil |
spellingShingle |
Ecological analysis of the distribution and socio-spatial context of homicides in Porto Alegre, Brazil Santos, Simone M. Violence Homicide Quality of life indicators Geographic information system Spatial analysis |
title_short |
Ecological analysis of the distribution and socio-spatial context of homicides in Porto Alegre, Brazil |
title_full |
Ecological analysis of the distribution and socio-spatial context of homicides in Porto Alegre, Brazil |
title_fullStr |
Ecological analysis of the distribution and socio-spatial context of homicides in Porto Alegre, Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ecological analysis of the distribution and socio-spatial context of homicides in Porto Alegre, Brazil |
title_sort |
Ecological analysis of the distribution and socio-spatial context of homicides in Porto Alegre, Brazil |
author |
Santos, Simone M. |
author_facet |
Santos, Simone M. Barcellos, Christovam de Castro Carvalho, Marilia Sá |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Barcellos, Christovam de Castro Carvalho, Marilia Sá |
author2_role |
author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Santos, Simone M. Barcellos, Christovam de Castro Carvalho, Marilia Sá |
dc.subject.en.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Violence Homicide Quality of life indicators Geographic information system Spatial analysis |
topic |
Violence Homicide Quality of life indicators Geographic information system Spatial analysis |
description |
Over the last decade, the number of homicides in Porto Alegre has increased to the point where external causes are now the main group of causes of death in the 5–34-year age group. Preventing these deaths depends fundamentally on identifying factors related to excess violence in population groups. The overall aim of this study is to analyse the spatial distribution of homicide victims by place of residence in Porto Alegre, the capital of the southernmost Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul, in 1996, in order to identify and understand the socio-spatial context. Demographic and socioeconomic indicators based on the 1991 census and 1996 population count were used to build a multivariate classification characterizing the 1851 census tracts. Homicides occurring in 1996 were located using the municipality’s Geographic Information System. Four socioeconomic groups were identified, mainly differentiated by housing indicators. Small areas on the urban periphery in which slums (favelas) are concentrated presented higher homicide rates. Homicide rates were lower in the two groups with higher income and educational level. The second step was to classify the census tracts according to the homicide indicator. In this case, areas were differentiated by the number of household inhabitants per room, income, schooling, and median age. We conclude that the multivariate socioeconomic classification presents a limited capacity to identify populations exposed to homicides, suggesting that socioeconomic conditions themselves do not determine violent behaviour. On the other hand, the spatial methods allowed us to identify small areas where deaths are concentrated and whose populations should receive special attention in planning measures to prevent violent deaths. |
publishDate |
2006 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2006 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2010-08-23T16:58:32Z 2010-11-04T14:20:05Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2010-11-04T14:20:05Z 2010-08-23T16:58:32Z |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
SANTOS, Simone M.; BARCELLOS, Christovam de Castro; CARVALHO, Marilia Sá. Ecological analysis of the distribution and socio-spatial context of homicides in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Health & Place, Exford, v. 12, p. 38-47, 2006. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/621 |
identifier_str_mv |
SANTOS, Simone M.; BARCELLOS, Christovam de Castro; CARVALHO, Marilia Sá. Ecological analysis of the distribution and socio-spatial context of homicides in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Health & Place, Exford, v. 12, p. 38-47, 2006. |
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https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/621 |
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eng |
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eng |
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Elsevier Ltd. |
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Elsevier Ltd. |
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