Structural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: a cross-sectional survey
| Autor(a) principal: | |
|---|---|
| Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
| Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | eng |
| Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA) |
| Texto Completo: | https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/56090 |
Resumo: | National Institutes of Health. UK Medical Research Council. Wellcome Trust. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB). Burroughs-Wellcome. William H. Prusoff Foundation. Family Fund at the Yale School of Public Health. |
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Fofana, Mariam O.Nery Jr, NivisonTicona, Juan P. AguilarBelitardo, Emilia M. M. de AndradeVictoriano, RenatoAnjos, Rôsangela O.Portilho, Moyra M.Santana, Mayara C. deSantos, Laiara L. dosOliveira, Daiana deCruz, Jaqueline S.Muenker, M. CatherineKhouri, RicardoWunder Jr, Elsio A.Hitchings, Matt D. T.Johnson, OlatunjiReis, Mitermayer GRibeiro, Guilherme S.Cummings, Derek A. T.Costa, FedericoKo, Albert I.2022-12-20T17:03:24Z2022-12-20T17:03:24Z2022FOFANA, Mariam O. et al. Structural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: A cross-sectional survey. Plos Medicine, v. 19, n. 9, p. 1-17, 2022.1549-1676https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/5609010.1371/ journal.pmed.1004093National Institutes of Health. UK Medical Research Council. Wellcome Trust. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB). Burroughs-Wellcome. William H. Prusoff Foundation. Family Fund at the Yale School of Public Health.Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health. New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health. New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health. New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Department of Biostatistics. University of Florida. Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.Department of Mathematics. University of Manchester. Manchester, United Kingdom.Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health. New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil. / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Department of Biology. University of Florida. Gainesville. Florida, United States of America / Emerging Pathogens Institute. University of Florida. Gainesville. Florida, United States of America.Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health. New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health. New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Background: The structural environment of urban slums, including physical, demographic, and socioeconomic attributes, renders inhabitants more vulnerable to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Yet, little is known about the specific determinants that contribute to high transmission within these communities. We therefore aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in an urban slum in Brazil. Methods and findings: We performed a cross-sectional serosurvey of an established cohort of 2,041 urban slum residents from the city of Salvador, Brazil between November 2020 and February 2021, following the first Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wave in the country and during the onset of the second wave. The median age in this population was 29 years (interquartile range [IQR] 16 to 44); most participants reported their ethnicity as Black (51.5%) or Brown (41.7%), and 58.5% were female. The median size of participating households was 3 (IQR 2 to 4), with a median daily per capita income of 2.32 (IQR 0.33–5.15) US Dollars. The main outcome measure was presence of IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We implemented multilevel models with random intercepts for each household to estimate seroprevalence and associated risk factors, adjusting for the sensitivity and specificity of the assay, and the age and gender distribution of our study population. We identified high seroprevalence (47.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 44.2% to 52.1%), particularly among female residents (50.3% [95% CI 46.3% to 54.8%] versus 44.6% [95% CI 40.1% to 49.4%] among male residents, p < 0.01) and among children (54.4% [95% CI 49.6% to 59.3%] versus 45.4% [95% CI 41.5% to 49.7%] among adults, p < 0.01). Adults residing in households with children were more likely to be seropositive (48.6% [95% CI 44.8% to 52.3%] versus 40.7% [95% CI 37.2% to 44.3%], p < 0.01). Women who were unemployed and living below the poverty threshold (daily per capita household income <$1.25) were more likely to be seropositive compared to men with the same employment and income status (53.9% [95% CI 47.0% to 60.6%] versus 32.9% [95% CI 23.2% to 44.3%], p < 0.01). Participation in the study was voluntary, which may limit the generalizability of our findings. Conclusions:Prior to the peak of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, cumulative incidence as assessed by serology approached 50% in a Brazilian urban slum population. In contrast to observations from industrialized countries, SARS-CoV-2 incidence was highest among children, as well as women living in extreme poverty. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions that provide safe environments for children and mitigate the structural risks posed by crowding and poverty for the most vulnerable residents of urban slum communities.engPublic Library of ScienceSARS-CoV-2InfecçãoFavela urbanaBrasilSARS-CoV-2InfectionSalvador, BrasilBrazilSARS-CoV-2InfecçõesCaracterísticas de residênciaBrazilStructural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: a cross-sectional surveyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)instname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)instacron:FIOCRUZLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82991https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/56090/1/license.txt5a560609d32a3863062d77ff32785d58MD51ORIGINALFofana, Mariam O. - Strutural factors associted Sars-cov-2.pdfFofana, Mariam O. - Strutural factors associted Sars-cov-2.pdfapplication/pdf1616385https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/56090/2/Fofana%2c%20Mariam%20O.%20-%20Strutural%20factors%20associted%20Sars-cov-2.pdfda926cb9cc1e5ebd8d83c25d1ad67c3cMD52icict/560902023-03-15 14:32:49.346oai:www.arca.fiocruz.br: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ório 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| dc.title.en_US.fl_str_mv |
Structural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: a cross-sectional survey |
| title |
Structural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: a cross-sectional survey |
| spellingShingle |
Structural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: a cross-sectional survey Fofana, Mariam O. SARS-CoV-2 Infecção Favela urbana Brasil SARS-CoV-2 Infection Salvador, Brasil Brazil SARS-CoV-2 Infecções Características de residência Brazil |
| title_short |
Structural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: a cross-sectional survey |
| title_full |
Structural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: a cross-sectional survey |
| title_fullStr |
Structural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: a cross-sectional survey |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Structural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: a cross-sectional survey |
| title_sort |
Structural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: a cross-sectional survey |
| author |
Fofana, Mariam O. |
| author_facet |
Fofana, Mariam O. Nery Jr, Nivison Ticona, Juan P. Aguilar Belitardo, Emilia M. M. de Andrade Victoriano, Renato Anjos, Rôsangela O. Portilho, Moyra M. Santana, Mayara C. de Santos, Laiara L. dos Oliveira, Daiana de Cruz, Jaqueline S. Muenker, M. Catherine Khouri, Ricardo Wunder Jr, Elsio A. Hitchings, Matt D. T. Johnson, Olatunji Reis, Mitermayer G Ribeiro, Guilherme S. Cummings, Derek A. T. Costa, Federico Ko, Albert I. |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Nery Jr, Nivison Ticona, Juan P. Aguilar Belitardo, Emilia M. M. de Andrade Victoriano, Renato Anjos, Rôsangela O. Portilho, Moyra M. Santana, Mayara C. de Santos, Laiara L. dos Oliveira, Daiana de Cruz, Jaqueline S. Muenker, M. Catherine Khouri, Ricardo Wunder Jr, Elsio A. Hitchings, Matt D. T. Johnson, Olatunji Reis, Mitermayer G Ribeiro, Guilherme S. Cummings, Derek A. T. Costa, Federico Ko, Albert I. |
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author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Fofana, Mariam O. Nery Jr, Nivison Ticona, Juan P. Aguilar Belitardo, Emilia M. M. de Andrade Victoriano, Renato Anjos, Rôsangela O. Portilho, Moyra M. Santana, Mayara C. de Santos, Laiara L. dos Oliveira, Daiana de Cruz, Jaqueline S. Muenker, M. Catherine Khouri, Ricardo Wunder Jr, Elsio A. Hitchings, Matt D. T. Johnson, Olatunji Reis, Mitermayer G Ribeiro, Guilherme S. Cummings, Derek A. T. Costa, Federico Ko, Albert I. |
| dc.subject.other.en_US.fl_str_mv |
SARS-CoV-2 Infecção Favela urbana Brasil |
| topic |
SARS-CoV-2 Infecção Favela urbana Brasil SARS-CoV-2 Infection Salvador, Brasil Brazil SARS-CoV-2 Infecções Características de residência Brazil |
| dc.subject.en.en_US.fl_str_mv |
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Salvador, Brasil Brazil |
| dc.subject.decs.en_US.fl_str_mv |
SARS-CoV-2 Infecções Características de residência Brazil |
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National Institutes of Health. UK Medical Research Council. Wellcome Trust. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB). Burroughs-Wellcome. William H. Prusoff Foundation. Family Fund at the Yale School of Public Health. |
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2022 |
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2022-12-20T17:03:24Z |
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2022-12-20T17:03:24Z |
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2022 |
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FOFANA, Mariam O. et al. Structural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: A cross-sectional survey. Plos Medicine, v. 19, n. 9, p. 1-17, 2022. |
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https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/56090 |
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1549-1676 |
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10.1371/ journal.pmed.1004093 |
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FOFANA, Mariam O. et al. Structural factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in an urban slum setting in Salvador, Brazil: A cross-sectional survey. Plos Medicine, v. 19, n. 9, p. 1-17, 2022. 1549-1676 10.1371/ journal.pmed.1004093 |
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Public Library of Science |
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Public Library of Science |
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