Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil
| Autor(a) principal: | |
|---|---|
| Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
| Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | eng |
| Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA) |
| Texto Completo: | https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/56979 |
Resumo: | Salud Urbana en América Latina ((SALURBAL). Wellcome Trust |
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Sousa Filho, J. Firmino deSilva, Uriel M.Lima, Larissa L.Paiva, Aureliano S. S.Santos, Gervásio F.Andrade, Roberto F. S.Gouveia, NelsonSilveira, Ismael H.Friche, Amélia A. de LimaBarreto, Mauricio L.Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira2023-02-09T17:34:07Z2023-02-09T17:34:07Z2022SOUSA FILHO, J. Firmino de et al. Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil. Plos One, v. 17, n. 11, n. 1-12, 2022.1932-6203https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/5697910.1371/journal.pone.0277441Salud Urbana en América Latina ((SALURBAL). Wellcome TrustFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Muniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Economia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Observatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Observatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Modelagem Matemática e Computacional. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Muniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Muniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Economia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Muniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Física. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Muniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Observatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Muniz. Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Observatório de Saúde Urbana de Belo Horizonte. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Socioeconomic factors have exacerbated the impact of COVID–19 worldwide. Brazil, already marked by significant economic inequalities, is one of the most affected countries, with one of the highest mortality rates. Understanding how inequality and income segregation contribute to excess mortality by COVID–19 in Brazilian cities is essential for designing public health policies to mitigate the impact of the disease. This paper aims to fill in this gap by analyzing the effect of income inequality and income segregation on COVID–19 mortality in large urban centers in Brazil. We compiled weekly COVID–19 mortality rates from March 2020 to February 2021 in a longitudinal ecological design, aggregating data at the city level for 152 Brazilian cities. Mortality rates from COVID-19 were compared across weeks, cities and states using mixed linear models. We estimated the associations between COVID-19 mortality rates with income inequality and income segregation using mixed negative binomial models including city and week-level random intercepts. We measured income inequality using the Gini index and income segregation using the dissimilarity index using data from the 2010 Brazilian demographic census. We found that 88.2% of COVID–19 mortality rates variability was between weeks, 8.5% between cities, and 3.3% between states. Higher-income inequality and higher-income segregation values were associated with higher COVID–19 mortality rates before and after accounting for all adjustment factors. In our main adjusted model, rate ratios (RR) per 1 SD increases in income inequality and income segregation were associated with 17% (95% CI 9% to 26%) and 11% (95% CI 4% to 19%) higher mortality. Income inequality and income segregation are long-standing hallmarks of large Brazilian cities. Risk factors related to the socioeconomic context affected the course of the pandemic in the country and contributed to high mortality rates. Pre-existing social vulnerabilities were critical factors in the aggravation of COVID–19, as supported by the observed associations in this study.engPublic Library of ScienceDesigualdade urbanaSegregação de rendaCOVID 19MortalidadeBrasilUrban inequalityIncome segregationCOVID-19MortalityBrazilFatores socioeconômicosCOVID 19MortalidadeBrasilAssociation of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazilinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)instname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)instacron:FIOCRUZLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82991https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/56979/1/license.txt5a560609d32a3863062d77ff32785d58MD51ORIGINALSousa Filho,J.F. Association of urban...2022.pdfSousa Filho,J.F. Association of urban...2022.pdfapplication/pdf520181https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/56979/2/Sousa%20Filho%2cJ.F.%20Association%20of%20urban...2022.pdf8531cafa1a31d13ef111992c79a9e0bfMD52icict/569792023-03-15 14:32:52.147oai:www.arca.fiocruz.br:icict/56979Q0VTU8ODTyBOw4NPIEVYQ0xVU0lWQSBERSBESVJFSVRPUyBBVVRPUkFJUwoKQW8gYWNlaXRhciBvcyBURVJNT1MgZSBDT05EScOHw5VFUyBkZXN0YSBDRVNTw4NPLCBvIEFVVE9SIGUvb3UgVElUVUxBUiBkZSBkaXJlaXRvcwphdXRvcmFpcyBzb2JyZSBhIE9CUkEgZGUgcXVlIHRyYXRhIGVzdGUgZG9jdW1lbnRvOgoKKDEpIENFREUgZSBUUkFOU0ZFUkUsIHRvdGFsIGUgZ3JhdHVpdGFtZW50ZSwgw6AgRklPQ1JVWiAtIEZVTkRBw4fDg08gT1NXQUxETyBDUlVaLCBlbQpjYXLDoXRlciBwZXJtYW5lbnRlLCBpcnJldm9nw6F2ZWwgZSBOw4NPIEVYQ0xVU0lWTywgdG9kb3Mgb3MgZGlyZWl0b3MgcGF0cmltb25pYWlzIE7Dg08KQ09NRVJDSUFJUyBkZSB1dGlsaXphw6fDo28gZGEgT0JSQSBhcnTDrXN0aWNhIGUvb3UgY2llbnTDrWZpY2EgaW5kaWNhZGEgYWNpbWEsIGluY2x1c2l2ZSBvcyBkaXJlaXRvcwpkZSB2b3ogZSBpbWFnZW0gdmluY3VsYWRvcyDDoCBPQlJBLCBkdXJhbnRlIHRvZG8gbyBwcmF6byBkZSBkdXJhw6fDo28gZG9zIGRpcmVpdG9zIGF1dG9yYWlzLCBlbQpxdWFscXVlciBpZGlvbWEgZSBlbSB0b2RvcyBvcyBwYcOtc2VzOwoKKDIpIEFDRUlUQSBxdWUgYSBjZXNzw6NvIHRvdGFsIG7Do28gZXhjbHVzaXZhLCBwZXJtYW5lbnRlIGUgaXJyZXZvZ8OhdmVsIGRvcyBkaXJlaXRvcyBhdXRvcmFpcwpwYXRyaW1vbmlhaXMgbsOjbyBjb21lcmNpYWlzIGRlIHV0aWxpemHDp8OjbyBkZSBxdWUgdHJhdGEgZXN0ZSBkb2N1bWVudG8gaW5jbHVpLCBleGVtcGxpZmljYXRpdmFtZW50ZSwKb3MgZGlyZWl0b3MgZGUgZGlzcG9uaWJpbGl6YcOnw6NvIGUgY29tdW5pY2HDp8OjbyBww7pibGljYSBkYSBPQlJBLCBlbSBxdWFscXVlciBtZWlvIG91IHZlw61jdWxvLAppbmNsdXNpdmUgZW0gUmVwb3NpdMOzcmlvcyBEaWdpdGFpcywgYmVtIGNvbW8gb3MgZGlyZWl0b3MgZGUgcmVwcm9kdcOnw6NvLCBleGliacOnw6NvLCBleGVjdcOnw6NvLApkZWNsYW1hw6fDo28sIHJlY2l0YcOnw6NvLCBleHBvc2nDp8OjbywgYXJxdWl2YW1lbnRvLCBpbmNsdXPDo28gZW0gYmFuY28gZGUgZGFkb3MsIHByZXNlcnZhw6fDo28sIGRpZnVzw6NvLApkaXN0cmlidWnDp8OjbywgZGl2dWxnYcOnw6NvLCBlbXByw6lzdGltbywgdHJhZHXDp8OjbywgZHVibGFnZW0sIGxlZ2VuZGFnZW0sIGluY2x1c8OjbyBlbSBub3ZhcyBvYnJhcyBvdQpjb2xldMOibmVhcywgcmV1dGlsaXphw6fDo28sIGVkacOnw6NvLCBwcm9kdcOnw6NvIGRlIG1hdGVyaWFsIGRpZMOhdGljbyBlIGN1cnNvcyBvdSBxdWFscXVlciBmb3JtYSBkZQp1dGlsaXphw6fDo28gbsOjbyBjb21lcmNpYWw7CgooMykgUkVDT05IRUNFIHF1ZSBhIGNlc3PDo28gYXF1aSBlc3BlY2lmaWNhZGEgY29uY2VkZSDDoCBGSU9DUlVaIC0gRlVOREHDh8ODTyBPU1dBTERPCkNSVVogbyBkaXJlaXRvIGRlIGF1dG9yaXphciBxdWFscXVlciBwZXNzb2Eg4oCTIGbDrXNpY2Egb3UganVyw61kaWNhLCBww7pibGljYSBvdSBwcml2YWRhLCBuYWNpb25hbCBvdQplc3RyYW5nZWlyYSDigJMgYSBhY2Vzc2FyIGUgdXRpbGl6YXIgYW1wbGFtZW50ZSBhIE9CUkEsIHNlbSBleGNsdXNpdmlkYWRlLCBwYXJhIHF1YWlzcXVlcgpmaW5hbGlkYWRlcyBuw6NvIGNvbWVyY2lhaXM7CgooNCkgREVDTEFSQSBxdWUgYSBvYnJhIMOpIGNyaWHDp8OjbyBvcmlnaW5hbCBlIHF1ZSDDqSBvIHRpdHVsYXIgZG9zIGRpcmVpdG9zIGFxdWkgY2VkaWRvcyBlIGF1dG9yaXphZG9zLApyZXNwb25zYWJpbGl6YW5kby1zZSBpbnRlZ3JhbG1lbnRlIHBlbG8gY29udGXDumRvIGUgb3V0cm9zIGVsZW1lbnRvcyBxdWUgZmF6ZW0gcGFydGUgZGEgT0JSQSwKaW5jbHVzaXZlIG9zIGRpcmVpdG9zIGRlIHZveiBlIGltYWdlbSB2aW5jdWxhZG9zIMOgIE9CUkEsIG9icmlnYW5kby1zZSBhIGluZGVuaXphciB0ZXJjZWlyb3MgcG9yCmRhbm9zLCBiZW0gY29tbyBpbmRlbml6YXIgZSByZXNzYXJjaXIgYSBGSU9DUlVaIC0gRlVOREHDh8ODTyBPU1dBTERPIENSVVogZGUKZXZlbnR1YWlzIGRlc3Blc2FzIHF1ZSB2aWVyZW0gYSBzdXBvcnRhciwgZW0gcmF6w6NvIGRlIHF1YWxxdWVyIG9mZW5zYSBhIGRpcmVpdG9zIGF1dG9yYWlzIG91CmRpcmVpdG9zIGRlIHZveiBvdSBpbWFnZW0sIHByaW5jaXBhbG1lbnRlIG5vIHF1ZSBkaXogcmVzcGVpdG8gYSBwbMOhZ2lvIGUgdmlvbGHDp8O1ZXMgZGUgZGlyZWl0b3M7CgooNSkgQUZJUk1BIHF1ZSBjb25oZWNlIGEgUG9sw610aWNhIEluc3RpdHVjaW9uYWwgZGUgQWNlc3NvIEFiZXJ0byBkYSBGSU9DUlVaIC0gRlVOREHDh8ODTwpPU1dBTERPIENSVVogZSBhcyBkaXJldHJpemVzIHBhcmEgbyBmdW5jaW9uYW1lbnRvIGRvIHJlcG9zaXTDs3JpbyBpbnN0aXR1Y2lvbmFsIEFSQ0EuCgpBIFBvbMOtdGljYSBJbnN0aXR1Y2lvbmFsIGRlIEFjZXNzbyBBYmVydG8gZGEgRklPQ1JVWiAtIEZVTkRBw4fDg08gT1NXQUxETyBDUlVaIHJlc2VydmEKZXhjbHVzaXZhbWVudGUgYW8gQVVUT1Igb3MgZGlyZWl0b3MgbW9yYWlzIGUgb3MgdXNvcyBjb21lcmNpYWlzIHNvYnJlIGFzIG9icmFzIGRlIHN1YSBhdXRvcmlhCmUvb3UgdGl0dWxhcmlkYWRlLCBzZW5kbyBvcyB0ZXJjZWlyb3MgdXN1w6FyaW9zIHJlc3BvbnPDoXZlaXMgcGVsYSBhdHJpYnVpw6fDo28gZGUgYXV0b3JpYSBlIG1hbnV0ZW7Dp8OjbwpkYSBpbnRlZ3JpZGFkZSBkYSBPQlJBIGVtIHF1YWxxdWVyIHV0aWxpemHDp8Ojby4KCkEgUG9sw610aWNhIEluc3RpdHVjaW9uYWwgZGUgQWNlc3NvIEFiZXJ0byBkYSBGSU9DUlVaIC0gRlVOREHDh8ODTyBPU1dBTERPIENSVVoKcmVzcGVpdGEgb3MgY29udHJhdG9zIGUgYWNvcmRvcyBwcmVleGlzdGVudGVzIGRvcyBBdXRvcmVzIGNvbSB0ZXJjZWlyb3MsIGNhYmVuZG8gYW9zIEF1dG9yZXMKaW5mb3JtYXIgw6AgSW5zdGl0dWnDp8OjbyBhcyBjb25kacOnw7VlcyBlIG91dHJhcyByZXN0cmnDp8O1ZXMgaW1wb3N0YXMgcG9yIGVzdGVzIGluc3RydW1lbnRvcy4KRepositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.arca.fiocruz.br/oai/requestrepositorio.arca@fiocruz.bropendoar:21352023-03-15T17:32:52Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)false |
| dc.title.en_US.fl_str_mv |
Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil |
| title |
Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil |
| spellingShingle |
Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil Sousa Filho, J. Firmino de Desigualdade urbana Segregação de renda COVID 19 Mortalidade Brasil Urban inequality Income segregation COVID-19 Mortality Brazil Fatores socioeconômicos COVID 19 Mortalidade Brasil |
| title_short |
Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil |
| title_full |
Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil |
| title_fullStr |
Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil |
| title_sort |
Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil |
| author |
Sousa Filho, J. Firmino de |
| author_facet |
Sousa Filho, J. Firmino de Silva, Uriel M. Lima, Larissa L. Paiva, Aureliano S. S. Santos, Gervásio F. Andrade, Roberto F. S. Gouveia, Nelson Silveira, Ismael H. Friche, Amélia A. de Lima Barreto, Mauricio L. Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Silva, Uriel M. Lima, Larissa L. Paiva, Aureliano S. S. Santos, Gervásio F. Andrade, Roberto F. S. Gouveia, Nelson Silveira, Ismael H. Friche, Amélia A. de Lima Barreto, Mauricio L. Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Sousa Filho, J. Firmino de Silva, Uriel M. Lima, Larissa L. Paiva, Aureliano S. S. Santos, Gervásio F. Andrade, Roberto F. S. Gouveia, Nelson Silveira, Ismael H. Friche, Amélia A. de Lima Barreto, Mauricio L. Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira |
| dc.subject.other.en_US.fl_str_mv |
Desigualdade urbana Segregação de renda COVID 19 Mortalidade Brasil |
| topic |
Desigualdade urbana Segregação de renda COVID 19 Mortalidade Brasil Urban inequality Income segregation COVID-19 Mortality Brazil Fatores socioeconômicos COVID 19 Mortalidade Brasil |
| dc.subject.en.en_US.fl_str_mv |
Urban inequality Income segregation COVID-19 Mortality Brazil |
| dc.subject.decs.en_US.fl_str_mv |
Fatores socioeconômicos COVID 19 Mortalidade Brasil |
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Salud Urbana en América Latina ((SALURBAL). Wellcome Trust |
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2022 |
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2022 |
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2023-02-09T17:34:07Z |
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2023-02-09T17:34:07Z |
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SOUSA FILHO, J. Firmino de et al. Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil. Plos One, v. 17, n. 11, n. 1-12, 2022. |
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https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/56979 |
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1932-6203 |
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10.1371/journal.pone.0277441 |
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SOUSA FILHO, J. Firmino de et al. Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil. Plos One, v. 17, n. 11, n. 1-12, 2022. 1932-6203 10.1371/journal.pone.0277441 |
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