The relationship of illicit drug use to HIV: infection among commercial sex workers in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Szwarcwald, Celia Landmann
Data de Publicação: 1998
Outros Autores: Bastos, Francisco Inácio Pinkusfeld Monteiro, Gravato, Neide, Lacerda, Regina, Chequer, Pedro N., Castilho, Euclides Ayres de
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)
Texto Completo: https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/607
Resumo: Objective: To assess the role of illicit drug use as a risk factor of HIV infection among female commercial sex workers (CSWs) in the city of Santos, Brazil. Design: Cross-sectional survey of 697 chain-referred CSWs. Methodology: The study included information on social-demographic characteristics, sexual practices and use of illicit drugs. Blood samples were tested for HIV. Associations between the response variable and drug-related variables, controlling for potential confounders, were assessed through multiple logistic regression procedures. Results: The univariate analyses for all drug-related variables evidenced that ‘use of injecting drugs’ (odds-ratios (OR)=10.9) and ‘use of crack in the previous month’ (OR=9.0), were the two variables most highly associated to the outcome. The multivariate analysis emphasized the role of crack use, the first variable included in the stepwise procedure (adjusted OR=5.3, P=0.0001). Other relevant predictors were ‘educational level’ (P=0.0003), ‘practice of anal intercourse with customers’ (P=0.0031), ‘use of injecting drugs’ (adjusted OR=3.1, P=0.0647), ‘age at first intercourse’ (P=0.0188) and ‘age’ (P=0.0175). Additional multivariate results showed that crack-users tend to use other drugs simultaneously, to agree more frequently to have unprotected sex and to earn a significantly smaller payment per sexual encounter than crack non-users. Conclusions: The analysis showed the vulnerability of CSWs in relation to drug use, lack of education and unprotected sex. These findings highlight the need for preventive programs focused on the general use of drugs in this population as well as efforts to help CSWs to acquire educational and professional skills.
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spelling Szwarcwald, Celia LandmannBastos, Francisco Inácio Pinkusfeld MonteiroGravato, NeideLacerda, ReginaChequer, Pedro N.Castilho, Euclides Ayres de2010-08-23T16:58:30Z2010-11-04T14:20:07Z2010-08-23T16:58:30Z2010-11-04T14:20:07Z1998SZWARCWALD, Celia L. The relationship of illicit drug use to HIV: infection among commercial sex workers in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil. International Journal of Drug Policy, v. 9, p.427–436, 1998.0955-3959https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/607Objective: To assess the role of illicit drug use as a risk factor of HIV infection among female commercial sex workers (CSWs) in the city of Santos, Brazil. Design: Cross-sectional survey of 697 chain-referred CSWs. Methodology: The study included information on social-demographic characteristics, sexual practices and use of illicit drugs. Blood samples were tested for HIV. Associations between the response variable and drug-related variables, controlling for potential confounders, were assessed through multiple logistic regression procedures. Results: The univariate analyses for all drug-related variables evidenced that ‘use of injecting drugs’ (odds-ratios (OR)=10.9) and ‘use of crack in the previous month’ (OR=9.0), were the two variables most highly associated to the outcome. The multivariate analysis emphasized the role of crack use, the first variable included in the stepwise procedure (adjusted OR=5.3, P=0.0001). Other relevant predictors were ‘educational level’ (P=0.0003), ‘practice of anal intercourse with customers’ (P=0.0031), ‘use of injecting drugs’ (adjusted OR=3.1, P=0.0647), ‘age at first intercourse’ (P=0.0188) and ‘age’ (P=0.0175). Additional multivariate results showed that crack-users tend to use other drugs simultaneously, to agree more frequently to have unprotected sex and to earn a significantly smaller payment per sexual encounter than crack non-users. Conclusions: The analysis showed the vulnerability of CSWs in relation to drug use, lack of education and unprotected sex. These findings highlight the need for preventive programs focused on the general use of drugs in this population as well as efforts to help CSWs to acquire educational and professional skills.This work was sponsored by the Brazilian Ministry of Health and Municipal Health Secretariat of Santos. CLS, FIB and EAC receive National Reasearch Council (CNPq) salary grants.Department of Information on Health, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationDepartment of Information on Health, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationMunicipal Health Secretariat, Santos, SP, BrazilMunicipal Health Secretariat, Santos, SP, BrazilBrazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, DF, BrazilBrazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, DF, BrazilengElsevier Science B.V.Crack cocaineAIDSHIVCommercial sex workersBrazilThe relationship of illicit drug use to HIV: infection among commercial sex workers in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazilinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)instname:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)instacron:FIOCRUZTEXTLANDMANN_BASTOS_Relationship Illicit Drug_1998.pdf.txtLANDMANN_BASTOS_Relationship Illicit Drug_1998.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain38937https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/607/6/LANDMANN_BASTOS_Relationship%20Illicit%20Drug_1998.pdf.txt6b4090d2be0959c80a7536cea7eda2e6MD56ORIGINALLANDMANN_BASTOS_Relationship Illicit Drug_1998.pdfapplication/pdf95186https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/607/2/LANDMANN_BASTOS_Relationship%20Illicit%20Drug_1998.pdf13945bd3e93c4bfdd6bb02106c19b43aMD52LICENSElicense.txttext/plain1848https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/607/3/license.txtd8f172155d41ee2fd9262a46c221f384MD53THUMBNAILLANDMANN_BASTOS_Relationship Illicit Drug_1998.pdf.jpgLANDMANN_BASTOS_Relationship Illicit Drug_1998.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg1869https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/bitstream/icict/607/5/LANDMANN_BASTOS_Relationship%20Illicit%20Drug_1998.pdf.jpg7dce9d57e1069ad7d6ff2569a04cb517MD55icict/6072023-08-23 13:14:03.129oai:www.arca.fiocruz.br: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ório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.arca.fiocruz.br/oai/requestrepositorio.arca@fiocruz.bropendoar:21352023-08-23T16:14:03Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)false
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv The relationship of illicit drug use to HIV: infection among commercial sex workers in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
title The relationship of illicit drug use to HIV: infection among commercial sex workers in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
spellingShingle The relationship of illicit drug use to HIV: infection among commercial sex workers in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
Szwarcwald, Celia Landmann
Crack cocaine
AIDS
HIV
Commercial sex workers
Brazil
title_short The relationship of illicit drug use to HIV: infection among commercial sex workers in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
title_full The relationship of illicit drug use to HIV: infection among commercial sex workers in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
title_fullStr The relationship of illicit drug use to HIV: infection among commercial sex workers in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
title_full_unstemmed The relationship of illicit drug use to HIV: infection among commercial sex workers in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
title_sort The relationship of illicit drug use to HIV: infection among commercial sex workers in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
author Szwarcwald, Celia Landmann
author_facet Szwarcwald, Celia Landmann
Bastos, Francisco Inácio Pinkusfeld Monteiro
Gravato, Neide
Lacerda, Regina
Chequer, Pedro N.
Castilho, Euclides Ayres de
author_role author
author2 Bastos, Francisco Inácio Pinkusfeld Monteiro
Gravato, Neide
Lacerda, Regina
Chequer, Pedro N.
Castilho, Euclides Ayres de
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Szwarcwald, Celia Landmann
Bastos, Francisco Inácio Pinkusfeld Monteiro
Gravato, Neide
Lacerda, Regina
Chequer, Pedro N.
Castilho, Euclides Ayres de
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Crack cocaine
AIDS
HIV
Commercial sex workers
Brazil
topic Crack cocaine
AIDS
HIV
Commercial sex workers
Brazil
description Objective: To assess the role of illicit drug use as a risk factor of HIV infection among female commercial sex workers (CSWs) in the city of Santos, Brazil. Design: Cross-sectional survey of 697 chain-referred CSWs. Methodology: The study included information on social-demographic characteristics, sexual practices and use of illicit drugs. Blood samples were tested for HIV. Associations between the response variable and drug-related variables, controlling for potential confounders, were assessed through multiple logistic regression procedures. Results: The univariate analyses for all drug-related variables evidenced that ‘use of injecting drugs’ (odds-ratios (OR)=10.9) and ‘use of crack in the previous month’ (OR=9.0), were the two variables most highly associated to the outcome. The multivariate analysis emphasized the role of crack use, the first variable included in the stepwise procedure (adjusted OR=5.3, P=0.0001). Other relevant predictors were ‘educational level’ (P=0.0003), ‘practice of anal intercourse with customers’ (P=0.0031), ‘use of injecting drugs’ (adjusted OR=3.1, P=0.0647), ‘age at first intercourse’ (P=0.0188) and ‘age’ (P=0.0175). Additional multivariate results showed that crack-users tend to use other drugs simultaneously, to agree more frequently to have unprotected sex and to earn a significantly smaller payment per sexual encounter than crack non-users. Conclusions: The analysis showed the vulnerability of CSWs in relation to drug use, lack of education and unprotected sex. These findings highlight the need for preventive programs focused on the general use of drugs in this population as well as efforts to help CSWs to acquire educational and professional skills.
publishDate 1998
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 1998
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2010-08-23T16:58:30Z
2010-11-04T14:20:07Z
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2010-08-23T16:58:30Z
2010-11-04T14:20:07Z
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv SZWARCWALD, Celia L. The relationship of illicit drug use to HIV: infection among commercial sex workers in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil. International Journal of Drug Policy, v. 9, p.427–436, 1998.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/607
dc.identifier.issn.pt_BR.fl_str_mv 0955-3959
identifier_str_mv SZWARCWALD, Celia L. The relationship of illicit drug use to HIV: infection among commercial sex workers in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil. International Journal of Drug Policy, v. 9, p.427–436, 1998.
0955-3959
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier Science B.V.
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