Análise energética e ambiental de módulos fotovoltaicos comercializados em Curitiba: um estudo de caso

• Autor(a) principal: Silveira, Nathali Sperança
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Outros Autores: Silveira, Nicolli Sperança
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório do Centro Universitário Braz Cubas
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/3219
• topic: Módulo Fotovoltaico; Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida; Payback Energético; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS

The increase in electricity consumption in the country combined with climate change and international pressure led to the increase of new renewable sources, one of the main strategies for electric energy adopted by the Brazilian state to diversify renewable sources and the electric energy matrix itself. Photovoltaic solar energy, energy from the sun, an almost inexhaustible source of energy, has grown and developed exponentially. This technology has mostly used silicon to take advantage of the photovoltaic effect, however it has a process that must be analyzed, in order to understand what environmental and energy impacts this technology can generate, especially if analyzed from the moment the silicon is extracted and purified, the silicon wafer produced, the photovoltaic module made, until its use and disposal. For this, two tools were used: the life cycle assessment and the energy payback, the first enabling the measurement of impacts on its life cycle and the second, the energy cost of this technology. We opted for an analysis of the technology implementation in Curitiba, both because of the location of Universidade Positivo, bringing a relevant contribution to the surroundings, and the importance of this element for measuring environmental and energy impacts, since the origin of the photovoltaic modules is essential to know its impacts, since the way it is transported, consumed and the future disposal recycling depend on this variable. Through the modeling performed in the GaBi software, it was possible to project the impacts inherent to monocrystalline and polycrystalline modules, with values represented respectively by: energy consumption of 56,8 kWh and 48,084 kWh, water with 111,7 kg and 91,93 kg , the global warming potential (PAG) is represented by 9,55 kg CO2 equivalent and 8,72 kg CO2 equivalent, the acidification potential (PA) with 0,033 kg SO2 equivalent and 0,032 kg SO2 equivalent and the eutrophication potential (PE) is shown as 0,002 kg Phosphate equivalent and 0,0026 kg Phosphate equivalent. For the energy payback, the energy consumption values taken from the modeling for the mono and polycrystalline modules, were used to obtain the EPBTs of the analyzed plants, which was between the result of 30 days to 1 month and 14 days. Finally, it is possible to verify that the technology does not definitively have a technically and economically viable recycling.