Seleção e identificação de bactérias degradadoras de petróleo da rizosfera de Panicum aquaticum Poir., POACEAE

• Autor(a) principal: Viesser, Jéssica Aparecida
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório do Centro Universitário Braz Cubas
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/2589
• topic: Biorremediação; Petróleo; Micro-organismos; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOLOGIA GERAL

Petroleum is an organic compound originated from fossil deposits. As a major component of global energy, its intense exploitation causes environmental accidents such as spills on the ground that compromise biodiversity and human health. Among the strategies developed for the decontamination of polluted environments, bioremediation stands out as a viable alternative and, within this, the rizodegradation stands out by having a high concentration of micro-organisms in the rhizosphere of plants phytoremediator. The Poaceae have great potential for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum through rhizosphere microorganisms that carry out petroleum biodegradation. The objective of this research was to select bacteria with petroleum degradation potential, from the rhizosphere of Panicum aquaticum Poir., which demonstrated tolerance to grow with petroleum contaminated soil. Nine bacteria were isolated, characterized morphologically by Gram staining and molecularly identified to generic level. Bacteria 3, 6 and 7 were selected because they presented different periods of growth and were analyzed for petroleum degradation potential through degradation tests, measuring parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, biomass gravimetrically and by optical density, and gas chromatography (GC). Of the nine bacterial isolates, five are Gram-positive and four are Gram-negative, presenting different morphologies. Five bacteria were identified molecularly belonging to the genera Sporosarcina sp. (bacteria 2), Bacillus sp. (bacterias 3 and 6), Microbacterium sp. (bacteria 4) and Rhodococcus sp. (bacteria 7). Results of degradation and GC tests revealed that the three bacteria are promising for petroleum degradation by reducing concentracion of the petroleum compounds and may be used in bioremediation processes. This dissertation is divided in three chapters. The first chapter consists of a literature review on the effects of petroleum pollution on the growth and development of plants, the second chapter is a literature review on the potential use of rhizosphere in bioremediation with petroleum contaminated soil and the third relates to the resulting scientific article of this research.