Relação entre a qualidade do ar e a melhoria do condicionamento físico

• Autor(a) principal: Ruppel, Mauricio Mandalozzo
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório do Centro Universitário Braz Cubas
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.cruzeirodosul.edu.br/handle/123456789/2421
• topic: Ar - Poluição; Treinamento aeróbio; Adaptações cardiorrespiratórias; Consumo máximo de oxigênio; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA

The need for income, food, supplies and other products for human survival, associated with the use of combustion engines, fossil fuel burning, and steel and chemical industries, contribute to the degradation of air quality. This degradation has grown in proportion to the development of technologies and innovations. The increase in the concentration of solid particles present in the atmosphere with diameters smaller than 10 micrometers (PM10) is related to increased mortality rates and respiratory disease in susceptible populations. Even at concentrations within legal limits, this pollution may have consequences for human health. One of the strategies to reduce its effects is physical exercise. However, the relationship between pollution and aerobic training needs further clarification. Thus, the objective of this research was to examine the influence of chronic exposure to air pollution on cardio respiratory adaptations in men undergoing 20 sessions of aerobic training to assess the effectiveness of physical training in subjects who work at polluted and non-polluted sites. Cardio respiratory conditions were evaluated through analysis of Maximum Oxygen Consumption (VO2máx.), lipid profile, quality of life and markers associated with lesions in two groups working in locations with different concentration levels of PM10, before and after performing aerobic training to analyze the influence of air pollution on these workers. The training programs were conducted in the same location for both groups. Friedman statistical tests were conducted to analyze differences between groups and Wilcoxon post hoc tests were carried out to confirm the findings, both with significance set at p <0.05. The results showed significant differences between groups for VO2max. (χ2 (2) = 0.008, p <0.05), fasting glucose (χ2 (2) = 0.009, p <0.05), and LDL cholesterol (χ2 (2) = 0.044, p <0 , 05). In contrast, it was established that there are no significant differences between groups for NAF (χ2 (2) = 0.06, p <0.05), WHOQOL-BREF (χ2 (2) = 0.092, p <0.05 ), body mass (χ2 (2) = 0.370, p <0.05), fat percentage (χ2 (2) = 0.266, p <0.05), HDL-c (χ2 (2) = 0.145, p <0.05), total cholesterol (χ2 (2) = 0.196, p <0.05), triglycerides (χ2 (2) = 0.733, p <0.05), and Homocysteine (χ2 (2) = 0.266, p <0.05). It should be noted that a difference in V02max. was found after training, with a significant difference in adaptations in the group exposed to pollution with respect to the group not exposed (p = 0.0343). None of the other parameters analyzed revealed significant differences between the two groups after training, i.e., pollution did not significantly affect adaptations in fasting glucose and LDL cholesterol. Comparing pre and post intervention conditions in both groups, the proposed protocol was effective in improving VO2max., reducing weight, fat percentage, total serum cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, and increasing serum HDL-c. The protocol was not effective in reducing serum triglycerides and was inconclusive in the investigation of the relationship between serum homocysteine in both groups, both in pre participation, and post participation. It is concluded that exposure to a slightly higher concentration of fine particulate matter (PM10) can negatively affect the value of Maximum Oxygen Consumption after 20 sessions of aerobic training. The individuals chronically exposed to pollution do respond positively to training, but with adaptation levels of oxygen uptake smaller than in individuals not chronically exposed to pollution.